CLAD Core Concepts & Fundamentals 4

Question 1

Which term describes the variety of a language used in formal education and official contexts, often associated with higher social status?

Accepted Answer

Standard dialect

Answer

The standard dialect is the prestige variety of a language codified in grammars and dictionaries, used in schools, media, and government.

Question 2

Research on the 'threshold hypothesis' suggests that bilingual students achieve the cognitive advantages of bilingualism only when they:

Accepted Answer

Attain a high level of competence in both languages

Answer

The threshold hypothesis proposes that positive cognitive effects emerge only when bilinguals reach sufficiently high proficiency in both languages.

Question 3

A CLAD-credentialed teacher is designing a lesson on fractions for English learners. Providing sentence frames such as 'The numerator represents ___' is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Scaffolding

Answer

Scaffolding refers to temporary instructional supports—like sentence frames—that help learners access content until they can perform tasks independently.

Question 4

Which factor most directly distinguishes English language learners who qualify for special education from those experiencing typical second-language acquisition difficulties?

Accepted Answer

The presence of language deficits that persist across both L1 and L2

Answer

A language or learning disability affects the student's functioning in all languages, whereas typical SLA challenges are specific to the second language.

Question 5

The term 'heritage language learner' most accurately describes a student who:

Accepted Answer

Has a family background in a non-English language but is dominant in English

Answer

Heritage language learners are raised in a home where a non-English language is spoken and may have varying degrees of proficiency in that language, but are typically more dominant in English.

CLAD Practice Test

CLAD Practice Test

CLAD Core Concepts & Fundamentals 4