CHES General Practice 5 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which of the following best describes 'primary prevention' in public health?
- Early detection of disease through screening programs
- Rehabilitation and management of existing chronic conditions
- Actions taken before a health problem occurs to prevent its onset (Correct answer)
- Reducing complications in individuals already diagnosed with a disease
Correct answer: Actions taken before a health problem occurs to prevent its onset
Primary prevention targets healthy individuals to prevent disease onset through measures like vaccination, health education, and policy change.
Question 2: A health educator advocates for a smoke-free workplace policy. This action is best classified under which area of health education practice?
- Assessment of individual health risk
- Direct education and counseling
- Health advocacy and policy development (Correct answer)
- Program evaluation and research
Correct answer: Health advocacy and policy development
Advocating for policies that create healthier environments falls under the health advocacy and policy development area of CHES practice.
Question 3: In motivational interviewing, the technique of 'reflective listening' serves to:
- Confront the client about unhealthy behaviors
- Demonstrate understanding and encourage deeper exploration of ambivalence (Correct answer)
- Provide the client with expert advice on behavior change
- Set strict behavioral goals for the client to meet
Correct answer: Demonstrate understanding and encourage deeper exploration of ambivalence
Reflective listening in MI involves mirroring or paraphrasing the client's statements to show understanding and help them explore their own feelings and motivations.
Question 4: A health educator calculates that for every dollar spent on a diabetes prevention program, $4 in healthcare costs are saved. This is best described as:
- Cost-effectiveness analysis
- Cost-benefit analysis (Correct answer)
- Budget impact analysis
- Return on investment analysis
Correct answer: Cost-benefit analysis
Cost-benefit analysis expresses both costs and outcomes (benefits) in monetary terms to determine the financial return of a program.
Question 5: Which of the following is the correct hierarchy of evidence in public health research, from strongest to weakest?
- Expert opinion → cohort studies → RCTs → systematic reviews
- Systematic reviews/meta-analyses → RCTs → cohort studies → expert opinion (Correct answer)
- RCTs → case reports → cohort studies → systematic reviews
- Case-control studies → RCTs → meta-analyses → expert opinion
Correct answer: Systematic reviews/meta-analyses → RCTs → cohort studies → expert opinion
The evidence hierarchy places systematic reviews and meta-analyses at the top, followed by RCTs, observational studies, and expert opinion at the bottom.
Question 6: When designing health education materials for adults, which principle from adult learning theory (andragogy) is most important to apply?
- Adults learn best through rote memorization and repetition
- Adults need external motivation and rewards to engage in learning
- Adults are self-directed and motivated by learning that is relevant to their life situations (Correct answer)
- Adults require highly structured, teacher-centered instruction
Correct answer: Adults are self-directed and motivated by learning that is relevant to their life situations
Knowles' andragogy holds that adults are self-directed learners who engage most effectively when content is immediately relevant and applicable to their real-life needs.
Question 7: A health educator notices that a community intervention consistently reaches only English-speaking residents, excluding Spanish-speaking families. This represents a failure in which principle?
- Fidelity
- Reach and equity (Correct answer)
- Dose-response
- Internal validity
Correct answer: Reach and equity
Reach and equity require that programs actively engage all segments of the target population, including those who are marginalized or face language barriers.
CHES General Practice 5
Which of the following best describes 'primary prevention' in public health?