CHES Basic 4 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which type of study design is MOST effective for establishing a cause-and-effect relationship between a health intervention and an outcome?
- Cross-sectional study
- Case-control study
- Randomized controlled trial (Correct answer)
- Cohort study
Correct answer: Randomized controlled trial
A randomized controlled trial (RCT) with random assignment to intervention and control groups provides the strongest evidence for causality.
Question 2: When planning a health education program for a diverse community, cultural competence requires the educator to FIRST:
- Translate all materials into multiple languages
- Assess the cultural beliefs and practices of the target group (Correct answer)
- Hire staff who reflect the community's demographics
- Adapt existing evidence-based programs immediately
Correct answer: Assess the cultural beliefs and practices of the target group
Assessing cultural beliefs, values, and practices is the essential first step before designing culturally appropriate interventions.
Question 3: Which model uses a series of stages (Awareness, Interest, Trial, Decision, Adoption) to describe how individuals adopt new health behaviors?
- Health Belief Model
- Diffusion of Innovations (Correct answer)
- PRECEDE-PROCEED
- Theory of Reasoned Action
Correct answer: Diffusion of Innovations
Diffusion of Innovations describes how new ideas or behaviors spread through a population via stages of adoption.
Question 4: A health educator conducting a needs assessment finds a gap between current and desired health status. This gap is known as a:
- Health disparity
- Priority setting criterion
- Health need (Correct answer)
- Determinant of health
Correct answer: Health need
A health need is defined as the gap between the current state of health and the desired or optimal state of health.
Question 5: Which of the following BEST defines advocacy in health education?
- Providing individual counseling on behavior change
- Lobbying for policies that support population health (Correct answer)
- Conducting research on health outcomes
- Delivering health screenings in the community
Correct answer: Lobbying for policies that support population health
Advocacy involves working to influence policies, systems, and environments that affect community health at a population level.
Question 6: Which statistical measure describes the average score of a dataset and is most sensitive to extreme values (outliers)?
- Median
- Mode
- Mean (Correct answer)
- Range
Correct answer: Mean
The mean (arithmetic average) is sensitive to outliers because it incorporates every value in the calculation.
Question 7: In program planning, 'SMART' objectives are defined as Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and:
- Resourced
- Reproducible
- Realistic
- Time-bound (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Time-bound
SMART stands for Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound, with the 'T' referring to a defined timeline.
CHES Basic 4
Which type of study design is MOST effective for establishing a cause-and-effect relationship between a health intervention and an outcome?