CHBT Renal Physiology and Kidney Disease

Question 1

Which of the following is the primary functional unit of the kidney?

Accepted Answer

Nephron

Answer

The nephron is the basic structural and functional unit of the kidney, responsible for filtration, reabsorption, secretion, and excretion.

Question 2

What is the normal range for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in a healthy adult?

Accepted Answer

90–120 mL/min/1.73 m²

Answer

A normal GFR is approximately 90–120 mL/min/1.73 m², and values below 60 for three or more months indicate chronic kidney disease.

Question 3

End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is defined by a GFR of less than:

Accepted Answer

15 mL/min/1.73 m²

Answer

ESRD (CKD Stage 5) is defined as a GFR below 15 mL/min/1.73 m², at which point renal replacement therapy is typically required.

Question 4

Which electrolyte imbalance is of greatest immediate concern in ESRD patients?

Accepted Answer

Hyperkalemia

Answer

Hyperkalemia is the most immediately life-threatening electrolyte imbalance in ESRD because elevated potassium can trigger fatal cardiac arrhythmias.

Question 5

What is the primary cause of anemia in chronic kidney disease (CKD)?

Accepted Answer

Insufficient production of erythropoietin by diseased kidneys

Answer

The failing kidney produces inadequate erythropoietin, the hormone that stimulates red blood cell production, leading to normocytic normochromic anemia.

CHBT - Certified Hemodialysis Bio-Medical Technician Practice Test

CHBT - Certified Hemodialysis Bio-Medical Technician Practice Test

CHBT Renal Physiology and Kidney Disease