CDR Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition

Question 1

Which formula type is most appropriate for a patient with severe malabsorption and short bowel syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Elemental (monomeric) formula

Answer

Elemental formulas contain nutrients in their simplest absorbable forms (amino acids, monosaccharides, fatty acids), making them ideal for patients with severely compromised digestive and absorptive capacity.

Question 2

What is the primary indication for using a nasojejunal (NJ) tube instead of a nasogastric (NG) tube?

Accepted Answer

High risk of aspiration due to gastroparesis or delayed gastric emptying

Answer

NJ tubes bypass the stomach and deliver formula directly into the jejunum, significantly reducing aspiration risk in patients with gastroparesis, gastroesophageal reflux, or impaired gastric motility.

Question 3

A patient on total parenteral nutrition (TPN) develops refeeding syndrome. Which electrolyte abnormality is the hallmark of this condition?

Accepted Answer

Hypophosphatemia

Answer

Hypophosphatemia is the hallmark of refeeding syndrome; rapid carbohydrate administration shifts phosphorus intracellularly for ATP synthesis, causing dangerous drops in serum phosphorus.

Question 4

What osmolality range is generally considered safe for peripheral parenteral nutrition (PPN) to avoid thrombophlebitis?

Accepted Answer

Less than 900 mOsm/L

Answer

PPN solutions should not exceed approximately 900 mOsm/L to minimize the risk of thrombophlebitis and vein irritation when infusing through a peripheral vein.

Question 5

Which complication is most commonly associated with long-term parenteral nutrition use?

Accepted Answer

Parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease (PNALD)

Answer

Parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease (PNALD) is the most common serious long-term complication of PN, characterized by cholestasis, steatosis, and potentially progressing to cirrhosis.

CDR - Commission on Dietetic Registration Exam Practice Test

CDR - Commission on Dietetic Registration Exam Practice Test

CDR Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition