BAPSY Biological Bases of Behavior 4

Question 1

The circadian rhythm is primarily regulated by which brain structure?

Accepted Answer

Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)

Answer

The suprachiasmatic nucleus in the hypothalamus serves as the body's master clock, synchronizing circadian rhythms to light-dark cycles.

Question 2

In an EEG, which brain wave pattern is associated with deep, dreamless sleep?

Accepted Answer

Delta waves (0.5-4 Hz)

Answer

Slow delta waves dominate stages 3 and 4 (N3) of NREM sleep, reflecting synchronized, large-amplitude neural oscillations.

Question 3

Which pathway is responsible for transmitting fast, sharp pain signals to the brain?

Accepted Answer

A-delta fibers via the spinothalamic tract

Answer

Myelinated A-delta fibers rapidly transmit sharp, localized pain via the lateral spinothalamic tract to the thalamus and cortex.

Question 4

Epigenetics refers to changes in gene expression that occur without altering the:

Accepted Answer

Underlying DNA sequence

Answer

Epigenetic changes like DNA methylation and histone modification alter gene expression without changing the nucleotide sequence of DNA.

Question 5

Which neurotransmitter system is most directly involved in Alzheimer's disease pathology?

Accepted Answer

Cholinergic system

Answer

Alzheimer's disease prominently involves degeneration of cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain, especially the nucleus basalis of Meynert.

BAPSY - Bachelor of Arts in Psychology Practice Test