BAPSY - Bachelor of Arts in Psychology Bachelor of Arts in Psychology: Dynamics of Human Development and Behavior 1

Question 1

According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, during which stage does a child first demonstrate object permanence—the understanding that objects continue to exist even when out of sight?

Accepted Answer

Sensorimotor stage

Answer

Preoperational stage

Answer

Concrete operational stage

Answer

Formal operational stage

Question 2

Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation procedure identified an attachment pattern in which infants become highly distressed during separation but resist comfort and remain inconsolable when the caregiver returns. This pattern is called:

Accepted Answer

Anxious-ambivalent attachment

Answer

Secure attachment

Answer

Avoidant attachment

Answer

Disorganized attachment

Question 3

Vygotsky's zone of proximal development (ZPD) is best defined as:

Accepted Answer

The difference between what a learner can accomplish independently and what they can achieve with guidance from a more skilled partner

Answer

The age range during which language acquisition occurs most rapidly

Answer

The maximum cognitive capacity determined by a child's genetic inheritance

Answer

The period of development when abstract reasoning first becomes possible

Question 4

At which level of Kohlberg's moral development theory does an individual reason that morality is defined by social contracts, democratic laws, and universal ethical principles that transcend specific rules?

Accepted Answer

Postconventional level

Answer

Preconventional level

Answer

Conventional level

Answer

Transitional level

Question 5

The term 'epigenetics' as used in developmental psychology refers to:

Accepted Answer

Environmental factors that alter gene expression without changing the underlying DNA sequence

Answer

The complete sequence of genes inherited from both biological parents

Answer

The process by which neurons prune unused synaptic connections during adolescence

Answer

Stable behavioral traits passed directly from parent to offspring through DNA

Question 6

In the New York Longitudinal Study, Thomas and Chess described a temperament type characterized by slow adaptation to new situations, mild emotional reactions, and an initial tendency to withdraw before eventually adjusting. This type is labeled:

Accepted Answer

Slow-to-warm-up temperament

Answer

Easy temperament

Answer

Difficult temperament

Answer

Inhibited temperament