BAPSY Biological Bases of Behavior 2

Question 1

Which neurotransmitter is most associated with reward, motivation, and reinforcement learning?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Dopamine is the primary neurotransmitter in the mesolimbic reward pathway, driving motivation and reinforcement.

Question 2

The blood-brain barrier is primarily composed of which type of cells?

Accepted Answer

Astrocytes and endothelial cells

Answer

The blood-brain barrier is formed by tight junctions between endothelial cells, supported structurally by astrocytic end-feet.

Question 3

What is the primary function of myelin sheaths surrounding axons?

Accepted Answer

Increase the speed of action potential conduction

Answer

Myelin acts as an insulator enabling saltatory conduction, which dramatically increases action potential speed.

Question 4

Which brain structure is considered the master regulator of the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus

Answer

The hypothalamus controls the pituitary gland via releasing hormones, making it the master regulator of the endocrine system.

Question 5

During an action potential, which ion rushes INTO the neuron during depolarization?

Accepted Answer

Sodium (Na+)

Answer

Voltage-gated sodium channels open during depolarization, allowing Na+ to rush into the cell and raise the membrane potential.

BAPSY - Bachelor of Arts in Psychology Practice Test