BAPSY - Bachelor of Arts in Psychology Bachelor of Arts in Psychology: Dynamics of Human Development and Behavior 1

Question 1

According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, during which stage does a child first demonstrate object permanence—the understanding that objects continue to exist even when out of sight?

Accepted Answer

Sensorimotor stage

Answer

Object permanence develops during the sensorimotor stage (birth to approximately age 2), as infants begin to build mental representations of the world and understand that objects do not cease to exist when they are no longer visible.

Question 2

Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation procedure identified an attachment pattern in which infants become highly distressed during separation but resist comfort and remain inconsolable when the caregiver returns. This pattern is called:

Accepted Answer

Anxious-ambivalent attachment

Answer

Anxious-ambivalent (also called resistant) attachment is characterized by intense distress upon separation combined with an inability to be soothed upon reunion, often because caregiving has been inconsistent, leaving the child uncertain about the caregiver's availability.

Question 3

Vygotsky's zone of proximal development (ZPD) is best defined as:

Accepted Answer

The difference between what a learner can accomplish independently and what they can achieve with guidance from a more skilled partner

Answer

The ZPD represents the gap between a learner's current independent ability and their potential ability when supported by a more knowledgeable other, highlighting the social and collaborative nature of cognitive growth in Vygotsky's theory.

Question 4

At which level of Kohlberg's moral development theory does an individual reason that morality is defined by social contracts, democratic laws, and universal ethical principles that transcend specific rules?

Accepted Answer

Postconventional level

Answer

At the postconventional level, individuals move beyond adherence to rules and social norms, instead grounding moral judgments in abstract principles such as justice, human rights, and the common good, even when these conflict with established laws.

Question 5

The term 'epigenetics' as used in developmental psychology refers to:

Accepted Answer

Environmental factors that alter gene expression without changing the underlying DNA sequence

Answer

Epigenetics involves changes in gene expression caused by environmental influences—such as stress, nutrition, or early experiences—that do not alter the DNA sequence itself but can affect which genes are turned on or off, sometimes across generations.

BAPSY - Bachelor of Arts in Psychology Practice Test

BAPSY - Bachelor of Arts in Psychology Practice Test

BAPSY - Bachelor of Arts in Psychology Bachelor of Arts in Psychology: Dynamics of Human Development and Behavior 1