AST Logical Reasoning and Evidence

Question 1

An argument that moves from specific observations to a general conclusion is called:

Accepted Answer

Inductive reasoning

Answer

Inductive reasoning draws general conclusions from specific observations or examples.

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of a logical fallacy called 'ad hominem'?

Accepted Answer

Your argument is invalid because you have no degree.

Answer

Ad hominem attacks the person making an argument rather than the argument itself.

Question 3

Which type of evidence is considered the most objective in a scientific argument?

Accepted Answer

Empirical data

Answer

Empirical data collected through systematic observation or experiment is the most objective evidence.

Question 4

If the conclusion of an argument must be true whenever its premises are true, the argument is:

Accepted Answer

Deductively valid

Answer

A deductively valid argument guarantees the conclusion if all premises are true.

Question 5

Which statement correctly identifies a counterargument's role in writing?

Accepted Answer

It acknowledges and refutes an opposing viewpoint.

Answer

A counterargument acknowledges a conflicting view and then responds to or refutes it, strengthening the essay.

AST - ACT Scaling Test Practice Test