AST Logical Reasoning and Evidence 1

Question 1

An argument that moves from specific observations to a general conclusion is called:

Accepted Answer

Inductive reasoning

Answer

Deductive reasoning

Answer

Analogical reasoning

Answer

Causal reasoning

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of a logical fallacy called 'ad hominem'?

Accepted Answer

Your argument is invalid because you have no degree.

Answer

All men are mortal; Socrates is a man; therefore Socrates is mortal.

Answer

We should adopt this policy because it worked in another country.

Answer

If we allow this, it will lead to total chaos.

Question 3

Which type of evidence is considered the most objective in a scientific argument?

Accepted Answer

Empirical data

Answer

Personal anecdote

Answer

Expert opinion

Answer

Historical precedent

Question 4

If the conclusion of an argument must be true whenever its premises are true, the argument is:

Accepted Answer

Deductively valid

Answer

Inductive

Answer

Invalid

Answer

Analogical

Question 5

Which statement correctly identifies a counterargument's role in writing?

Accepted Answer

It acknowledges and refutes an opposing viewpoint.

Answer

It provides evidence for the main claim.

Answer

It introduces background information.

Answer

It restates the thesis.

Question 6

The logical fallacy that assumes because two events occurred in sequence, the first caused the second, is called:

Accepted Answer

Post hoc ergo propter hoc

Answer

Circular reasoning

Answer

False dichotomy

Answer

Straw man