AST Logical Reasoning and Evidence 2

Question 1

Which sentence presents a claim supported by evidence rather than an unsupported opinion?

Accepted Answer

Studies show that electric cars produce 50% fewer emissions over their lifetime.

Answer

An evidence-based claim cites specific data or research rather than personal opinion or vague assertions.

Question 2

A 'straw man' fallacy occurs when someone:

Accepted Answer

Misrepresents an opponent's argument to make it easier to attack

Answer

A straw man distorts or exaggerates an opponent's position to refute a weakened version of their argument.

Question 3

Which of these best describes an inference?

Accepted Answer

A conclusion drawn from evidence and reasoning

Answer

An inference is a logical conclusion reached by interpreting available evidence and reasoning.

Question 4

In evaluating a source, which factor most directly relates to credibility?

Accepted Answer

Author's expertise and qualifications

Answer

Credibility is most directly established by the author's relevant expertise and qualifications.

Question 5

A false dichotomy presents an argument as if there are only two options when in reality:

Accepted Answer

More options exist

Answer

A false dichotomy oversimplifies by ignoring additional valid alternatives.

AST - ACT Scaling Test Practice Test