AMSN Renal and Urological Disorders 2

Question 1

A patient with a urinary catheter develops a fever, flank pain, and costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness. The nurse suspects:

Accepted Answer

Pyelonephritis (upper UTI)

Answer

Fever, flank pain, and CVA tenderness indicate pyelonephritis (kidney infection), which can progress to sepsis if not treated promptly.

Question 2

A patient passes a kidney stone. The nurse correctly instructs the patient to:

Accepted Answer

Strain all urine and save the stone for laboratory analysis

Answer

Stone analysis determines composition (calcium, uric acid, struvite, cystine), which guides dietary modifications and medication therapy to prevent recurrence.

Question 3

A patient with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is unable to void and has a distended bladder. After catheterization, 900 mL of urine is drained. The nurse should:

Accepted Answer

Clamp the catheter after 400–600 mL and monitor for hematuria or hypotension

Answer

Rapid decompression of a severely distended bladder can cause decompression hematuria and vasovagal hypotension; clamping after 400–600 mL allows gradual decompression.

Question 4

A patient with CKD receives erythropoietin (EPO) therapy. The nurse should monitor for which serious adverse effect?

Accepted Answer

Hypertension and thromboembolic events

Answer

EPO stimulates RBC production and can elevate hematocrit rapidly, increasing blood viscosity and the risk of hypertension, thrombosis, and stroke.

Question 5

A patient with CKD has a serum bicarbonate of 16 mEq/L. The nurse recognizes this as:

Accepted Answer

Metabolic acidosis from impaired acid excretion

Answer

The failing kidney cannot adequately excrete hydrogen ions or reabsorb bicarbonate, causing metabolic acidosis (low bicarbonate) in CKD.

AMSN - Academy of Medical-Surgical Nurses Practice Test

AMSN - Academy of Medical-Surgical Nurses Practice Test

AMSN Renal and Urological Disorders 2