AMSN Renal and Urological Disorders 2

Question 1

A patient with a urinary catheter develops a fever, flank pain, and costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness. The nurse suspects:

Accepted Answer

Pyelonephritis (upper UTI)

Answer

Lower UTI (cystitis)

Answer

Nephrolithiasis

Answer

Urethritis

Question 2

A patient passes a kidney stone. The nurse correctly instructs the patient to:

Accepted Answer

Strain all urine and save the stone for laboratory analysis

Answer

Discard the stone as it has no diagnostic value

Answer

Restrict all fluids for 24 hours

Answer

Avoid pain medication to accurately assess symptom progression

Question 3

A patient with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is unable to void and has a distended bladder. After catheterization, 900 mL of urine is drained. The nurse should:

Accepted Answer

Clamp the catheter after 400–600 mL and monitor for hematuria or hypotension

Answer

Continue draining until the bladder is completely empty immediately

Answer

Remove the catheter after draining 200 mL

Answer

Irrigate the bladder with normal saline

Question 4

A patient with CKD receives erythropoietin (EPO) therapy. The nurse should monitor for which serious adverse effect?

Accepted Answer

Hypertension and thromboembolic events

Answer

Bleeding complications

Answer

Severe hypoglycemia

Answer

Pulmonary fibrosis

Question 5

A patient with CKD has a serum bicarbonate of 16 mEq/L. The nurse recognizes this as:

Accepted Answer

Metabolic acidosis from impaired acid excretion

Answer

Metabolic alkalosis from vomiting

Answer

Respiratory alkalosis from hyperventilation

Answer

Normal finding in CKD

Question 6

A patient recovering from acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is now in the diuretic phase. The nurse's priority is monitoring for:

Accepted Answer

Dehydration, hypokalemia, and hyponatremia from excessive urine output

Answer

Fluid overload and hypertension

Answer

Oliguria returning

Answer

Hyperkalemia