AMSN Renal and Urological Disorders

Question 1

A patient with acute kidney injury (AKI) has a serum potassium of 6.8 mEq/L and peaked T waves on ECG. The nurse's priority action is:

Accepted Answer

Prepare to administer calcium gluconate and notify the provider immediately

Answer

Restrict dietary potassium intake only

Answer

Encourage increased fluid intake

Answer

Administer a potassium supplement

Question 2

A patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 4 asks why they need to restrict dietary phosphorus. The best response is:

Accepted Answer

'Your kidneys cannot excrete phosphorus well, which causes it to build up and leach calcium from bones.'

Answer

'High phosphorus increases your blood pressure.'

Answer

'Phosphorus restriction prevents potassium from rising.'

Answer

'Low phosphorus diets prevent kidney stones.'

Question 3

A patient with nephrotic syndrome has 4+ pitting edema and serum albumin of 1.8 g/dL. The edema is primarily caused by:

Accepted Answer

Loss of albumin in urine reducing plasma oncotic pressure

Answer

Increased aldosterone secretion

Answer

Excessive sodium intake

Answer

Right-sided heart failure

Question 4

A patient with a urinary tract infection (UTI) is prescribed trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX). The nurse should instruct the patient to:

Accepted Answer

Take the full course of antibiotics even if symptoms resolve

Answer

Stop taking the medication once symptoms resolve to prevent resistance

Answer

Take the medication only at bedtime

Answer

Avoid drinking water to concentrate the medication

Question 5

A patient on hemodialysis reports shortness of breath and a 4 kg weight gain since the last dialysis session. The nurse's priority assessment is:

Accepted Answer

Lung sounds and oxygen saturation

Answer

Blood glucose level

Answer

Neurological status

Answer

Skin turgor

Question 6

Which dietary restriction is essential for a patient with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on hemodialysis?

Accepted Answer

Restrict potassium, phosphorus, sodium, and fluid intake

Answer

Restrict calcium and vitamin C only

Answer

Increase protein to compensate for dialysis losses

Answer

Restrict all fruits and vegetables permanently