AMC MCQ Paediatrics and Child Health 3

Question 1

A child presents with a barking cough, inspiratory stridor and hoarseness, worse at night. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Croup (laryngotracheobronchitis)

Answer

A barking (seal-like) cough with stridor and hoarseness is characteristic of viral croup.

Question 2

What is the first-line treatment for moderate croup?

Accepted Answer

Oral or nebulised corticosteroid (dexamethasone)

Answer

A single dose of corticosteroid such as dexamethasone is first-line for croup of any severity.

Question 3

A child with drooling, high fever, muffled voice and a tripod posture who avoids lying flat most likely has which condition?

Accepted Answer

Epiglottitis

Answer

Toxic appearance, drooling, muffled voice and tripod positioning suggest acute epiglottitis.

Question 4

An infant under 12 months presents with coryza, wheeze, fine crackles and increased work of breathing in winter. What is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis

Answer

RSV bronchiolitis is the commonest cause of wheeze and crackles in infants during winter months.

Question 5

What is the mainstay of management for bronchiolitis in a hospitalised infant?

Accepted Answer

Supportive care with oxygen and feeding support

Answer

Bronchiolitis management is supportive—oxygen, hydration and feeding support—as bronchodilators and steroids are not beneficial.

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