Adult-Gerontology CNS Test Advanced Pharmacology & Therapeutics 1

Question 1

Which class of medications is first-line for reducing mortality in patients with HFrEF?

Accepted Answer

ACE inhibitors or ARBs, beta-blockers, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists

Answer

Guideline-directed medical therapy for HFrEF includes ACE inhibitors/ARBs, evidence-based beta-blockers, and MRAs as the mortality-reducing cornerstone of treatment.

Question 2

The Beers Criteria is used by CNS practitioners to:

Accepted Answer

Identify medications potentially inappropriate for use in older adults

Answer

The American Geriatrics Society Beers Criteria lists medications that pose increased risk in older adults due to side effects, drug interactions, or age-related pharmacokinetic changes.

Question 3

Polypharmacy in older adults most significantly increases risk of:

Accepted Answer

Adverse drug reactions, drug-drug interactions, and medication non-adherence

Answer

Using five or more medications exponentially increases the risk of adverse drug reactions, drug-drug interactions, falls, and non-adherence in older adults.

Question 4

Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are preferred over warfarin in non-valvular atrial fibrillation primarily because:

Accepted Answer

They have predictable pharmacokinetics, require no routine INR monitoring, and have comparable or superior efficacy with lower intracranial bleeding risk

Answer

DOACs offer predictable dosing without routine monitoring, have fewer drug and food interactions, and clinical trials show lower rates of intracranial hemorrhage compared to warfarin.

Question 5

Metered-dose inhaler (MDI) technique in older adults is frequently suboptimal because:

Accepted Answer

Coordination difficulties, arthritis, and cognitive impairment reduce proper actuation-inhalation synchrony

Answer

Effective MDI use requires coordination of breath and actuation, which is impaired by arthritis, cognitive decline, and reduced inspiratory flow in older adults.

Adult-Gerontology CNS Test Practice Test

Adult-Gerontology CNS Test Practice Test

Adult-Gerontology CNS Test Advanced Pharmacology & Therapeutics 1