Acute Care Nurse Practitioner Acute Kidney Injury and Renal Replacement Therapy

Question 1

According to KDIGO criteria, which finding defines Stage 1 AKI?

Accepted Answer

Creatinine increase ≥0.3 mg/dL within 48 hours

Answer

KDIGO Stage 1 AKI = serum creatinine rise ≥0.3 mg/dL within 48 hours OR ≥1.5× baseline within 7 days OR UO <0.5 mL/kg/hr for >6 hours.

Question 2

Which of the following is the MOST common cause of AKI in the ICU?

Accepted Answer

Sepsis-associated AKI

Answer

Sepsis is the most common cause of AKI in critically ill patients, accounting for nearly 50% of ICU AKI cases.

Question 3

Which urinalysis finding MOST suggests intrinsic renal AKI (acute tubular necrosis)?

Accepted Answer

Muddy brown granular casts

Answer

Muddy brown granular casts are pathognomonic of acute tubular necrosis (ATN), the most common intrinsic renal cause of AKI.

Question 4

In pre-renal AKI, which urine chemistry finding is expected?

Accepted Answer

FeNa <1%, urine osmolality >500 mOsm/kg

Answer

Pre-renal AKI shows FeNa <1% (kidney avidly retains sodium) and concentrated urine >500 mOsm/kg (intact tubular function).

Question 5

Which nephrotoxic agent is MOST commonly implicated in ICU-acquired AKI?

Accepted Answer

Aminoglycosides

Answer

Aminoglycosides cause direct proximal tubular toxicity and are among the most common nephrotoxic agents in ICU patients.

Acute Care Nurse Practitioner Practice Test