ABMDI - American Board of Medicolegal Death Investigators Decedent Identification Methods Questions and Answers

Question 1

The body of a severely decomposed individual is found. A forensic anthropologist is consulted to create a biological profile. Which of the following is the FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGIST most likely to be able to determine from skeletal remains alone?

Accepted Answer

The decedent's age at death, sex, stature, and ancestry.

Answer

Forensic anthropologists specialize in analyzing human skeletal remains to establish a biological profile. This profile typically includes estimating the individual's age at death, sex, stature, and ancestry by examining specific features of the bones. While they may identify trauma that could relate to the cause of death, determining the specific cause of death is the role of the forensic pathologist. Exact time of death and fingerprint analysis fall outside the primary scope of forensic anthropology.

Question 2

At the scene of a mass fatality incident, an investigator recovers a fragment of a jawbone with several teeth, some of which have unique dental restorations. Which forensic specialty is best equipped to use this evidence for positive identification?

Accepted Answer

Forensic Odontology

Answer

Forensic odontology, or forensic dentistry, is the specialty that deals with the examination of dental evidence for identification. Teeth are highly durable and dental work (fillings, crowns, etc.) is unique to an individual. By comparing postmortem dental findings with antemortem dental records, a forensic odontologist can establish a positive identification, which is particularly valuable in mass disasters where bodies may be fragmented or burned.

Question 3

An investigator is attempting to identify a decedent who has no visual identifying features. The investigator is informed that the decedent had a knee replacement several years ago. Which of the following provides the most direct path to a presumptive, and potentially positive, identification?

Accepted Answer

Tracing the serial number on the orthopedic implant to the manufacturer and hospital records.

Answer

Orthopedic implants, like a knee replacement, are medical devices that often have unique serial numbers or lot numbers etched onto them. These numbers can be traced back to the manufacturer, who can then provide information about the surgeon or hospital that received the device. This information allows investigators to narrow down potential identities and locate antemortem medical records and radiographs for comparison, leading to a positive identification.

Question 4

In a case with an unidentified decedent, investigators have no leads on the person's identity. Which of the following methods of identification requires a comparative sample, such as from a personal item or a biological relative?

Accepted Answer

DNA analysis for kinship comparison.

Answer

DNA analysis for identification is a comparative science. A postmortem DNA profile from the decedent is generated, but it is only useful for identification if it can be compared to a known reference sample. This reference can be a direct sample (e.g., from a toothbrush) or can be established through kinship analysis by comparing the decedent's DNA to that of potential family members (parents, children, siblings). The other methods listed can provide clues (tattoos, age) or a direct match (dental) if records are available, but kinship analysis specifically requires samples from relatives.

Question 5

Which of the following is considered a primary, scientific method for establishing a positive identification of a decedent?

Accepted Answer

Friction ridge analysis (fingerprinting).

Answer

Friction ridge analysis (fingerprinting), forensic odontology (dental comparison), and DNA analysis are considered the primary, scientific methods for establishing a positive identification. This is because they rely on comparing unique, individualizing characteristics that are scientifically validated. Visual identification can be unreliable, especially with trauma or decomposition, and personal effects or matching a description are considered circumstantial or presumptive methods.

ABMDI - American Board of Medicolegal Death Investigators Practice Test

ABMDI - American Board of Medicolegal Death Investigators Practice Test

ABMDI - American Board of Medicolegal Death Investigators Decedent Identification Methods Questions and Answers