ABMDI - American Board of Medicolegal Death Investigators Decedent Identification Methods Questions and Answers 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: The body of a severely decomposed individual is found. A forensic anthropologist is consulted to create a biological profile. Which of the following is the FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGIST most likely to be able to determine from skeletal remains alone?
- The decedent's specific cause of death.
- The decedent's age at death, sex, stature, and ancestry. (Correct answer)
- The exact time of death.
- The decedent's identity using fingerprint analysis.
Correct answer: The decedent's age at death, sex, stature, and ancestry.
Forensic anthropologists specialize in analyzing human skeletal remains to establish a biological profile. This profile typically includes estimating the individual's age at death, sex, stature, and ancestry by examining specific features of the bones. While they may identify trauma that could relate to the cause of death, determining the specific cause of death is the role of the forensic pathologist. Exact time of death and fingerprint analysis fall outside the primary scope of forensic anthropology.
Question 2: At the scene of a mass fatality incident, an investigator recovers a fragment of a jawbone with several teeth, some of which have unique dental restorations. Which forensic specialty is best equipped to use this evidence for positive identification?
- Forensic Toxicology
- Forensic Anthropology
- Forensic Odontology (Correct answer)
- Forensic Entomology
Correct answer: Forensic Odontology
Forensic odontology, or forensic dentistry, is the specialty that deals with the examination of dental evidence for identification. Teeth are highly durable and dental work (fillings, crowns, etc.) is unique to an individual. By comparing postmortem dental findings with antemortem dental records, a forensic odontologist can establish a positive identification, which is particularly valuable in mass disasters where bodies may be fragmented or burned.
Question 3: An investigator is attempting to identify a decedent who has no visual identifying features. The investigator is informed that the decedent had a knee replacement several years ago. Which of the following provides the most direct path to a presumptive, and potentially positive, identification?
- Requesting a DNA profile from the manufacturer of the implant.
- Comparing postmortem X-rays of the knee with general hospital records.
- Contacting the local hospital to see if they recognize the decedent's description.
- Tracing the serial number on the orthopedic implant to the manufacturer and hospital records. (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Tracing the serial number on the orthopedic implant to the manufacturer and hospital records.
Orthopedic implants, like a knee replacement, are medical devices that often have unique serial numbers or lot numbers etched onto them. These numbers can be traced back to the manufacturer, who can then provide information about the surgeon or hospital that received the device. This information allows investigators to narrow down potential identities and locate antemortem medical records and radiographs for comparison, leading to a positive identification.
Question 4: In a case with an unidentified decedent, investigators have no leads on the person's identity. Which of the following methods of identification requires a comparative sample, such as from a personal item or a biological relative?
- Analysis of skeletal features to determine age and sex.
- Comparison of postmortem and antemortem dental X-rays.
- Identification based on unique tattoos or scars.
- DNA analysis for kinship comparison. (Correct answer)
Correct answer: DNA analysis for kinship comparison.
DNA analysis for identification is a comparative science. A postmortem DNA profile from the decedent is generated, but it is only useful for identification if it can be compared to a known reference sample. This reference can be a direct sample (e.g., from a toothbrush) or can be established through kinship analysis by comparing the decedent's DNA to that of potential family members (parents, children, siblings). The other methods listed can provide clues (tattoos, age) or a direct match (dental) if records are available, but kinship analysis specifically requires samples from relatives.
Question 5: Which of the following is considered a primary, scientific method for establishing a positive identification of a decedent?
- Visual identification by a family member.
- Identification of personal effects found with the body.
- Friction ridge analysis (fingerprinting). (Correct answer)
- A description matching a missing person's report.
Correct answer: Friction ridge analysis (fingerprinting).
Friction ridge analysis (fingerprinting), forensic odontology (dental comparison), and DNA analysis are considered the primary, scientific methods for establishing a positive identification. This is because they rely on comparing unique, individualizing characteristics that are scientifically validated. Visual identification can be unreliable, especially with trauma or decomposition, and personal effects or matching a description are considered circumstantial or presumptive methods.
Question 6: An investigator is working on an unidentified remains case where the body is skeletonized. A forensic anthropologist notes a well-healed fracture on the right femur and the presence of a metal plate and screws. How can this information best be utilized to aid in identification?
- The hardware can be used to estimate the time since death.
- The presence of a healed fracture indicates the decedent was elderly.
- The hardware's serial number can be used to determine the decedent's name directly.
- The specific injury and hardware can be compared with antemortem medical records and radiographs. (Correct answer)
Correct answer: The specific injury and hardware can be compared with antemortem medical records and radiographs.
The presence of surgical hardware, like a plate and screws, and evidence of a specific, healed injury are highly individualizing features. Investigators can use this information to search for corresponding antemortem medical records, specifically X-rays, which would show the same fracture and hardware. A comparison of postmortem and antemortem radiographs can lead to a positive identification.
ABMDI - American Board of Medicolegal Death Investigators Decedent Identification Methods Questions and Answers 1
The body of a severely decomposed individual is found.
A forensic anthropologist is consulted to create a biological profile.
Which of the following is the FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGIST most likely to be able to determine from skeletal remains alone?