Student Development & Counseling Flashcards

Piaget's formal operational stage, typically beginning around age 11–12, is characterized by:

Answer: Abstract and hypothetical reasoning

Formal operational thinkers can reason abstractly and test hypotheses systematically.

Kohlberg's 'conventional' level of moral reasoning is mainly driven by:

Answer: Conforming to social expectations and rules

At the conventional level, people judge morality by social norms, laws, and approval of others.

Tinto's model of student retention emphasizes that students are more likely to persist when they have:

Answer: Academic and social integration into the institution

Tinto argued persistence rises with academic and social integration into campus life.

Which Section 504 provision is most relevant for a student with a documented disability who does not need special education?

Answer: Reasonable accommodations in the general classroom

Section 504 requires accommodations so eligible students have equal access to education.

In Holland's career theory, the letters RIASEC stand for personality and environment types. The 'S' stands for:

Answer: Social

RIASEC is Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, Conventional.

A student says, 'I'm just dumb at math.' Which reframe aligns with a growth mindset?

Answer: 'You haven't mastered it yet; effort and strategies can improve it.'

Growth mindset views ability as developable through effort and effective strategies.

Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory describes the 'microsystem' as:

Answer: The student's immediate settings such as family, school, and peers

The microsystem includes the direct environments a child interacts with daily.