VT Study Guide 2026
Everything you need to pass the VT exam in one place: the exam format, every topic to study, real practice questions with explanations, flashcards, and full-length practice tests. Free, no sign-up needed.
📚 VT Topics to Study (63)
✍️ Sample VT Questions & Answers
1. During post-exercise ABI testing, how soon after the treadmill protocol should ankle pressures be measured?
Post-exercise pressures should be measured immediately and serially because the pressure nadir occurs quickly and recovery time also carries diagnostic value.
2. What surveillance interval does KDOQI recommend for monitoring AVG access flow in clinically stable patients?
KDOQI guidelines recommend access flow measurement every 3 months for AVGs given their higher thrombosis rate compared to AVFs.
3. In the context of dialysis access surveillance, what role does continuous professional development play for VT practitioners?
Continuous professional development is essential in dialysis access surveillance because it ensures VT practitioners remain current with evolving standards, technologies, and best practices, maintaining competency throughout their careers.
4. Which finding on duplex ultrasound is most suggestive of venous outflow stenosis in a dialysis AV fistula?
Outflow stenosis causes increased resistance, converting the normally low-resistance venous waveform to a pulsatile pattern throughout the fistula.
5. A technologist notes that the Doppler signal used for ABI measurement was obtained from the peroneal artery. Why is this acceptable?
Standard ABI protocol uses the higher of the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial pressures; the peroneal artery is not routinely used because it does not supply the foot directly.
6. What is the significance of a 'blunted' or 'tardus-parvus' waveform in the ICA distal to a stenosis?
A tardus-parvus waveform (slow systolic upstroke, reduced amplitude) distal to a stenosis indicates severe upstream flow restriction, similar to that seen downstream of renal artery stenosis.