USMLE Pathology 2

Question 1

Virchow's triad describes risk factors for thrombosis. Which factor represents endothelial injury?

Accepted Answer

Damaged vessel wall

Answer

Virchow's triad consists of endothelial injury (damaged vessel wall), abnormal blood flow (stasis/turbulence), and hypercoagulability; endothelial damage exposes subendothelial collagen.

Question 2

Which cell type is most prominent in the early neutrophilic phase of acute inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils

Answer

Neutrophils are the first responders in acute inflammation, arriving within hours via chemotaxis and phagocytosing bacteria and debris.

Question 3

A biopsy of a cardiac valve shows fibrinous vegetations on both sides of the leaflets in a patient with rheumatic fever. What is the pathological term for these vegetations?

Accepted Answer

Aschoff bodies

Answer

Aschoff bodies are pathognomonic granulomatous lesions of rheumatic fever, containing multinucleated giant cells (Aschoff cells) and Anitschkow cells in the myocardium.

Question 4

Which proto-oncogene, when amplified, is associated with poor prognosis in neuroblastoma?

Accepted Answer

N-MYC

Answer

N-MYC (MYCN) amplification in neuroblastoma is associated with rapid tumor progression and poor prognosis, classified as Stage 4S in infants.

Question 5

A patient develops a saddle-shaped nose deformity, perforation of the nasal septum, and granulomatous inflammation. cANCA is positive. What is the diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's)

Answer

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly Wegener's) causes necrotizing granulomatous inflammation of the upper and lower respiratory tract and glomerulonephritis, with positive cANCA (PR3-ANCA).

USMLE Practice Test

USMLE Practice Test

USMLE Pathology 2