Urgent Care Urgent Care for Allergic Reactions and Anaphylaxis 2

Question 1

Which description best characterizes urticaria (hives)?

Accepted Answer

Raised, erythematous, pruritic wheals that blanch with pressure

Answer

Urticaria are transient, raised, erythematous wheals that blanch with pressure and are intensely pruritic, distinguishing them from other skin lesions.

Question 2

Angioedema most commonly involves which body areas?

Accepted Answer

Face, lips, tongue, and larynx

Answer

Angioedema is deep dermal and submucosal swelling that classically affects the face, lips, tongue, and larynx, posing the greatest airway risk.

Question 3

A patient presents with generalized urticaria but no throat tightness, wheezing, or hypotension. Which treatment is most appropriate as a first step?

Accepted Answer

Oral H1 antihistamine such as cetirizine or loratadine

Answer

Isolated urticaria without systemic involvement is managed with oral H1 antihistamines; epinephrine is reserved for anaphylaxis with systemic features.

Question 4

What is the primary mechanism of IgE-mediated anaphylaxis?

Accepted Answer

Mast cell and basophil degranulation releasing histamine and other mediators

Answer

IgE cross-linking on sensitized mast cells and basophils triggers rapid degranulation and release of histamine, tryptase, and other mediators responsible for anaphylaxis symptoms.

Question 5

Which vital sign finding is most immediately concerning in a patient presenting with anaphylaxis?

Accepted Answer

Blood pressure of 80/50 mmHg

Answer

A blood pressure of 80/50 mmHg indicates anaphylactic shock from severe vasodilation, which can lead to cardiovascular collapse and death without immediate epinephrine.

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Urgent Care Urgent Care for Allergic Reactions and Anaphylaxis 2