UExcel Anatomy and Physiology 4

Question 1

Surfactant produced by Type II pneumocytes primarily functions to:

Accepted Answer

Reduce alveolar surface tension

Answer

Pulmonary surfactant reduces surface tension in alveoli, preventing their collapse (atelectasis) during exhalation.

Question 2

The tidal volume of a healthy adult at rest is approximately:

Accepted Answer

500 mL

Answer

Tidal volume—the amount of air inhaled or exhaled in a normal breath at rest—averages approximately 500 mL in adults.

Question 3

Which structure connects the testes to the urethra and is responsible for sperm maturation?

Accepted Answer

Epididymis

Answer

The epididymis is a coiled tube where sperm mature and are stored before passing into the vas deferens.

Question 4

During the proliferative phase of the uterine cycle, rising estrogen levels stimulate:

Accepted Answer

Endometrial lining rebuild

Answer

Rising estrogen during the proliferative phase causes the endometrial lining to thicken and rebuild after menstruation.

Question 5

Which part of the nephron is primarily responsible for selective reabsorption of glucose, amino acids, and most ions?

Accepted Answer

Proximal convoluted tubule

Answer

The proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbs approximately 65% of filtered water, nearly all glucose and amino acids, and most ions.

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