UCAT Verbal Reasoning Test #2
Since the beginning of civilization, people have engaged in conflict. They have done this in exchange for food, land, resources, and slaves. The battle over weapons has fueled numerous technological advancements. Although it may be in our nature to be aggressive, there are numerous ethical concerns with war, and most people would consider it to be a completely terrible activity. During conflicts, unspeakable atrocities happen, yet warfare has typically been governed by implicit laws and norms of conduct.
The 1949 Geneva Conventions are still regarded as the foundation of current international humanitarian law, despite the fact that combat has altered significantly since then. Both civilians caught up in the conflict and combatants who are out of the line of fire are protected by them. All recent international armed engagements, such as the war in Georgia, the invasion of Afghanistan, the invasion of Iraq, and the invasion of Chechnya, were governed by these accords. The victims of non-international armed conflicts, like the civil war in Syria, are likewise protected under the Geneva Conventions.
Conventions establish guidelines that governments and military commanders must follow and defend in international courts, but it has becoming harder to maintain the fictitious distinction between combatants and civilians. In the Second World War, both Germany and Britain carried out massive bombing campaigns with the intention of terrorizing civilians as much as killing soldiers and destroying equipment. The increase of terrorism as a form of conflict has made matters even more complicated. Drones are being used in challenging battle zones as a secure and dependable way to attack terrorists or soldiers who move through or reside in civilian neighborhoods, raising ethical concerns for their operators.
The purpose of the Geneva Conventions is to
Correct!
Wrong!
Explanation:
They "defend civilians caught in the zone of combat," the author writes in the second paragraph.
Since the beginning of civilization, people have engaged in conflict. They have done this in exchange for food, land, resources, and slaves. The battle over weapons has fueled numerous technological advancements. Although it may be in our nature to be aggressive, there are numerous ethical concerns with war, and most people would consider it to be a completely terrible activity. During conflicts, unspeakable atrocities happen, yet warfare has typically been governed by implicit laws and norms of conduct.
The 1949 Geneva Conventions are still regarded as the foundation of current international humanitarian law, despite the fact that combat has altered significantly since then. Both civilians caught up in the conflict and combatants who are out of the line of fire are protected by them. All recent international armed engagements, such as the war in Georgia, the invasion of Afghanistan, the invasion of Iraq, and the invasion of Chechnya, were governed by these accords. The victims of non-international armed conflicts, like the civil war in Syria, are likewise protected under the Geneva Conventions.
Conventions establish guidelines that governments and military commanders must follow and defend in international courts, but it has becoming harder to maintain the fictitious distinction between combatants and civilians. In the Second World War, both Germany and Britain carried out massive bombing campaigns with the intention of terrorizing civilians as much as killing soldiers and destroying equipment. The increase of terrorism as a form of conflict has made matters even more complicated. Drones are being used in challenging battle zones as a secure and dependable way to attack terrorists or soldiers who move through or reside in civilian neighborhoods, raising ethical concerns for their operators.
The author of the passage most likely concurs with the following:
Correct!
Wrong!
Explanation:
The Geneva Conventions' stated goal of "protecting civilians caught in the zone of combat" is violated by the bombing and intimidation outlined in the second paragraph. Considering that the Geneva Conventions "remain the bedrock of modern international humanitarian law" (second paragraph). The author most likely concurred that the widespread bombing of cities during hostilities constitutes a crime against humanity.
Since the beginning of civilization, people have engaged in conflict. They have done this in exchange for food, land, resources, and slaves. The battle over weapons has fueled numerous technological advancements. Although it may be in our nature to be aggressive, there are numerous ethical concerns with war, and most people would consider it to be a completely terrible activity. During conflicts, unspeakable atrocities happen, yet warfare has typically been governed by implicit laws and norms of conduct.
The 1949 Geneva Conventions are still regarded as the foundation of current international humanitarian law, despite the fact that combat has altered significantly since then. Both civilians caught up in the conflict and combatants who are out of the line of fire are protected by them. All recent international armed engagements, such as the war in Georgia, the invasion of Afghanistan, the invasion of Iraq, and the invasion of Chechnya, were governed by these accords. The victims of non-international armed conflicts, like the civil war in Syria, are likewise protected under the Geneva Conventions.
Conventions establish guidelines that governments and military commanders must follow and defend in international courts, but it has becoming harder to maintain the fictitious distinction between combatants and civilians. In the Second World War, both Germany and Britain carried out massive bombing campaigns with the intention of terrorizing civilians as much as killing soldiers and destroying equipment. The increase of terrorism as a form of conflict has made matters even more complicated. Drones are being used in challenging battle zones as a secure and dependable way to attack terrorists or soldiers who move through or reside in civilian neighborhoods, raising ethical concerns for their operators.
From the passage, it is possible to conclude:
Correct!
Wrong!
Explanation:
"Humans have fought each other since the birth of civilization," the opening line of the chapter reads. It is reasonable to believe that this will always be the case as it is also stated in the first line that "violence may be a part of human nature."
On Saturday morning at 9:15, the team arrived as usual. The course was still open for play despite the fact that it had rained for the majority of the summer, leaving the ground mushy and exceedingly muddy. Under these circumstances, the green keepers would typically have shut down the course to protect the greens. However, many "typical" things no longer occur as a result of the economic slump.
Due to the severe financial hardship, several golf clubs are now providing steep discounts to entice new members. Many clubs are compelled to keep the grounds open until their customary closing times so that "pay and play" members can contribute to the takings and sustain the club. Richer clubs are surviving by diversifying and making their spaces available for private rentals and a variety of other activities.
Golf has long been regarded as a pastime for people with more free time and resources. Males have dominated it to a large extent, especially those who have closed significant commercial agreements while playing 18 holes. It has gained favor with a wide range of people from many walks of life recently and has included more women than ever before. Although it is a leisure sport, many are choosing not to spend a lot of money on membership dues or even "pay and play" when money is tight.
Golf is once again regarded as a luxury that individuals may live without in order to save money. Even older retirees are feeling the squeeze of financial instability. This is bad because there are more senior citizens than before. Golf is an useful pastime in terms of fitness and social connection, both of which are crucial for an aging population that may experience loneliness and depression. If it were more inexpensive.
The text states that the author thinks that golf:
Correct!
Wrong!
Explanation:
In the fourth paragraph, the author highlights golf's advantages "in terms of fitness and social connection, both of which are so crucial for an aging population that may suffer from loneliness and despair."
The United Kingdom's extensive coastline offers top-notch conditions for the bodyboarding and surfing sports, which are growing in popularity. Regular surfers suffer more subtle, hidden threats, even though there are apparent risks associated with any recreational usage of the sea. With more frequent immersion and consumption of water, several independent studies imply that the chance of contracting a disease caused by water pollution can rise by a factor of three. As a result, the surfing community is quite concerned about sewage that has either not been properly processed or has been processed improperly.
Ultra Violet (UV) light is one of the best disinfection techniques accessible to water providers. A system of UV light emitters can eliminate all normal wastewater microorganisms with the potential to be harmful to human health. These include gastroenteritis, the dangerous Ecoli 0157H bacteria, and Hepatitis A, which is particularly important. The Hep A virus, if infected, can result in liver inflammation, hospitalization, and severe illness for up to six months, however it is seldom deadly.
Unsurprisingly, organizations like Surfers Against Sewage have contested decisions by some water corporations to turn off UV treatment equipment outside of the regular "bathing season" (SAS). The finest surfing in many of the locales impacted by this move occurs between October and April, and an ongoing push to provide year-round UV protection in some locations has been successful. Thanks to data gathered by SAS in two historic cases, the Environment Agency rejected UV deactivation by Northumbrian Water on the grounds of significant surfer use.
What, regardless of the season, has the greatest impact on the quality of the water for bodyboarders and surfers?
Correct!
Wrong!
Explanation:
The third paragraph, which includes the statements "Unsurprisingly, decisions by some water companies to deactivate UV treatment systems outside the traditional "bathing season" have been disputed by organizations such as Surfers Against Sewage (SAS)," and the mention of "an ongoing campaign to have all-year-round UV treatment in some sites," presents continuous UV treatment of wastewater as a positive development.
The United Kingdom's extensive coastline offers top-notch conditions for the bodyboarding and surfing sports, which are growing in popularity. Regular surfers suffer more subtle, hidden threats, even though there are apparent risks associated with any recreational usage of the sea. With more frequent immersion and consumption of water, several independent studies imply that the chance of contracting a disease caused by water pollution can rise by a factor of three. As a result, the surfing community is quite concerned about sewage that has either not been properly processed or has been processed improperly.
Ultra Violet (UV) light is one of the best disinfection techniques accessible to water providers. A system of UV light emitters can eliminate all normal wastewater microorganisms with the potential to be harmful to human health. These include gastroenteritis, the dangerous Ecoli 0157H bacteria, and Hepatitis A, which is particularly important. The Hep A virus, if infected, can result in liver inflammation, hospitalization, and severe illness for up to six months, however it is seldom deadly.
Unsurprisingly, organizations like Surfers Against Sewage have contested decisions by some water corporations to turn off UV treatment equipment outside of the regular "bathing season" (SAS). The finest surfing in many of the locales impacted by this move occurs between October and April, and an ongoing push to provide year-round UV protection in some locations has been successful. Thanks to data gathered by SAS in two historic cases, the Environment Agency rejected UV deactivation by Northumbrian Water on the grounds of significant surfer use.
Which of the following must also be true if the information in the passage is assumed to be accurate?
Correct!
Wrong!
Explanation:
According to the first sentence, there are several portions of UK coastline that offer surfers and bodyboarders "world-class conditions." Given the facts in the second paragraph, the final paragraph implies that some sites have "all-year-round UV treatment," which must make these areas safer for frequent water users. It would be reasonable to suppose that surfers can "shield themselves from potential sickness" by using sites like these if evidence from SAS has prevented Northumbrian Water from being able to turn off UV systems outside of the typical bathing season.
The United Kingdom's extensive coastline offers top-notch conditions for the bodyboarding and surfing sports, which are growing in popularity. Regular surfers suffer more subtle, hidden threats, even though there are apparent risks associated with any recreational usage of the sea. With more frequent immersion and consumption of water, several independent studies imply that the chance of contracting a disease caused by water pollution can rise by a factor of three. As a result, the surfing community is quite concerned about sewage that has either not been properly processed or has been processed improperly.
Ultra Violet (UV) light is one of the best disinfection techniques accessible to water providers. A system of UV light emitters can eliminate all normal wastewater microorganisms with the potential to be harmful to human health. These include gastroenteritis, the dangerous Ecoli 0157H bacteria, and Hepatitis A, which is particularly important. The Hep A virus, if infected, can result in liver inflammation, hospitalization, and severe illness for up to six months, however it is seldom deadly.
Unsurprisingly, organizations like Surfers Against Sewage have contested decisions by some water corporations to turn off UV treatment equipment outside of the regular "bathing season" (SAS). The finest surfing in many of the locales impacted by this move occurs between October and April, and an ongoing push to provide year-round UV protection in some locations has been successful. Thanks to data gathered by SAS in two historic cases, the Environment Agency rejected UV deactivation by Northumbrian Water on the grounds of significant surfer use.
The author most likely concurs with the following given the passage:
Correct!
Wrong!
Explanation:
According to a number of independent research, drinking and immersing in water more frequently can increase the risk of contracting a disease caused by water pollution by a factor of three.
The United Kingdom's extensive coastline offers top-notch conditions for the bodyboarding and surfing sports, which are growing in popularity. Regular surfers suffer more subtle, hidden threats, even though there are apparent risks associated with any recreational usage of the sea. With more frequent immersion and consumption of water, several independent studies imply that the chance of contracting a disease caused by water pollution can rise by a factor of three. As a result, the surfing community is quite concerned about sewage that has either not been properly processed or has been processed improperly.
Ultra Violet (UV) light is one of the best disinfection techniques accessible to water providers. A system of UV light emitters can eliminate all normal wastewater microorganisms with the potential to be harmful to human health. These include gastroenteritis, the dangerous Ecoli 0157H bacteria, and Hepatitis A, which is particularly important. The Hep A virus, if infected, can result in liver inflammation, hospitalization, and severe illness for up to six months, however it is seldom deadly.
Unsurprisingly, organizations like Surfers Against Sewage have contested decisions by some water corporations to turn off UV treatment equipment outside of the regular "bathing season" (SAS). The finest surfing in many of the locales impacted by this move occurs between October and April, and an ongoing push to provide year-round UV protection in some locations has been successful. Thanks to data gathered by SAS in two historic cases, the Environment Agency rejected UV deactivation by Northumbrian Water on the grounds of significant surfer use.
Most Welsh bars started operating on Sundays after the prohibition on drinking was removed in 1961.
Correct!
Wrong!
Explanation:
The statement is unclear as to whether it is true or false. Although it is stated in paragraph one that the new system of municipal referendums superseded the 1881 Act in 1961 and repealed it, there is no information provided regarding the outcomes of the referendums prior to 1975. In other words, up until 1975, locals may have chosen to stay "dry."
The United Kingdom's extensive coastline offers top-notch conditions for the bodyboarding and surfing sports, which are growing in popularity. Regular surfers suffer more subtle, hidden threats, even though there are apparent risks associated with any recreational usage of the sea. With more frequent immersion and consumption of water, several independent studies imply that the chance of contracting a disease caused by water pollution can rise by a factor of three. As a result, the surfing community is quite concerned about sewage that has either not been properly processed or has been processed improperly.
Ultra Violet (UV) light is one of the best disinfection techniques accessible to water providers. A system of UV light emitters can eliminate all normal wastewater microorganisms with the potential to be harmful to human health. These include gastroenteritis, the dangerous Ecoli 0157H bacteria, and Hepatitis A, which is particularly important. The Hep A virus, if infected, can result in liver inflammation, hospitalization, and severe illness for up to six months, however it is seldom deadly.
Unsurprisingly, organizations like Surfers Against Sewage have contested decisions by some water corporations to turn off UV treatment equipment outside of the regular "bathing season" (SAS). The finest surfing in many of the locales impacted by this move occurs between October and April, and an ongoing push to provide year-round UV protection in some locations has been successful. Thanks to data gathered by SAS in two historic cases, the Environment Agency rejected UV deactivation by Northumbrian Water on the grounds of significant surfer use.
What inference may be made from the statement on the efficient treatment of sewage?
Correct!
Wrong!
Explanation:
The third paragraph of the passage analyzes the Environment Agency's actions. The Environment Agency declined Northumbrian Water's request to deactivate UV light because of the volume of surfers, according to the text. None of the other possibilities are supported by any evidence.
In 1881, a law was approved by the British Parliament to treat Wales differently from England. It mandated that all establishments that served alcoholic beverages close on Sundays. Welsh pubs were allowed to serve alcohol after this rule was removed in 1961, but local councils had to take a vote on the matter every seven years if 500 local inhabitants sought one. Therefore, locals could vote on whether to allow Sunday opening of the bars (go "wet") or to forbid it (go "dry").
Alcoholic beverages were actually purchased and sold on Sundays in Wales, but only to members of rugby and other sporting and social clubs, not to the general public in bars. There was a strong tradition of temperance in isolated rural Wales where Welsh was spoken, especially among the numerous non-conformist chapels that resisted Sunday pub opening. The breweries soon organized and funded the regular patrons of the bars on other days of the week to vote "Yes" for Sunday opening. Organizations involved in tourism, hospitality, and entertainment frequently protested the ban.
Places like Arfon, Carmarthen, Merioneth, Cardigan, and Anglesey that had voted to ban Sunday drinking in 1975 had all become "wet" by 1989. Only Dwyfor continued to be "dry" on Sundays, although having a "wet" period between 1982 and 1989. On a 9 percent turnout in 1989, they reinstated the "dry" prohibition for a further seven years. By 1996, Sunday hours were permitted in all Welsh bars.
The opposing campaigns greatly influenced local sentiment when Dwyfor changed from "wet" to "dry" in 1989.
Correct!
Wrong!
Explanation:
Only Dwyfor maintained its "dry" Sunday policy, although having a "wet" period between 1982 and 1989 before reinstating the policy for a second seven-year period in 1989 on a 9 percent turnout. The voting participation would have been substantially higher than 9 percent if strong local feelings had been aroused.
In 1881, a law was approved by the British Parliament to treat Wales differently from England. It mandated that all establishments that served alcoholic beverages close on Sundays. Welsh pubs were allowed to serve alcohol after this rule was removed in 1961, but local councils had to take a vote on the matter every seven years if 500 local inhabitants sought one. Therefore, locals could vote on whether to allow Sunday opening of the bars (go "wet") or to forbid it (go "dry").
Alcoholic beverages were actually purchased and sold on Sundays in Wales, but only to members of rugby and other sporting and social clubs, not to the general public in bars. There was a strong tradition of temperance in isolated rural Wales where Welsh was spoken, especially among the numerous non-conformist chapels that resisted Sunday pub opening. The breweries soon organized and funded the regular patrons of the bars on other days of the week to vote "Yes" for Sunday opening. Organizations involved in tourism, hospitality, and entertainment frequently protested the ban.
Places like Arfon, Carmarthen, Merioneth, Cardigan, and Anglesey that had voted to ban Sunday drinking in 1975 had all become "wet" by 1989. Only Dwyfor continued to be "dry" on Sundays, although having a "wet" period between 1982 and 1989. On a 9 percent turnout in 1989, they reinstated the "dry" prohibition for a further seven years. By 1996, Sunday hours were permitted in all Welsh bars.
Breweries that wanted to sell more alcoholic beverages were the only ones pushing for Sunday hours in bars.
Correct!
Wrong!