TKT Background to Language Learning 3

Question 1

What is the main characteristic of 'communicative competence' as defined by Canale and Swain?

Accepted Answer

The ability to use language appropriately and effectively in social contexts

Answer

Communicative competence encompasses grammatical, sociolinguistic, discourse, and strategic competence — allowing effective communication in real-world contexts.

Question 2

What does 'overgeneralisation' mean in the context of language learning errors?

Accepted Answer

Applying a target language rule to contexts where it does not apply

Answer

Overgeneralisation occurs when learners extend a rule beyond its correct scope, such as saying 'goed' instead of 'went' by applying the regular past tense rule to an irregular verb.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes 'affective factors' in language learning?

Accepted Answer

Emotional and psychological factors such as anxiety, motivation, and self-esteem

Answer

Affective factors relate to the emotional and psychological dimensions of learning, including anxiety, confidence, motivation, and attitude — all of which significantly influence language acquisition.

Question 4

What is the difference between 'acquisition' and 'learning' according to Krashen's theory?

Accepted Answer

Acquisition is subconscious and natural; learning is conscious and deliberate

Answer

Krashen distinguishes subconscious acquisition (like a child's L1 development through natural exposure) from conscious learning (explicit study of language rules).

Question 5

What is a 'learning style' in the context of language learning?

Accepted Answer

A learner's preferred way of processing and remembering new information

Answer

Learning styles refer to the individual differences in how learners prefer to process, organise, and retain new information — for example, visual, auditory, or kinaesthetic preferences.

TKT - Teaching Knowledge Test Practice Test

TKT - Teaching Knowledge Test Practice Test

TKT Background to Language Learning 3