TIA Nutrition 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: A nurse is assessing a client for signs of vitamin B12 deficiency. Which finding is most consistent with this deficiency?
- Petechiae
- Megaloblastic anemia (Correct answer)
- Hypercalcemia
- Night blindness
Correct answer: Megaloblastic anemia
Vitamin B12 deficiency impairs DNA synthesis in red blood cell precursors, leading to megaloblastic anemia with large, immature RBCs.
Question 2: A client asks a nurse about the primary function of carbohydrates in the body. Which response is most accurate?
- Building and repairing body tissues
- Providing the primary source of energy (Correct answer)
- Regulating fluid and electrolyte balance
- Transporting fat-soluble vitamins
Correct answer: Providing the primary source of energy
Carbohydrates are the body's preferred and primary fuel source, especially for the brain and red blood cells.
Question 3: A nurse is caring for a client with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Which dietary restriction is most important to implement?
- Limit vitamin C intake
- Restrict phosphorus and potassium (Correct answer)
- Increase sodium intake
- Increase protein intake
Correct answer: Restrict phosphorus and potassium
In CKD, impaired kidney function leads to accumulation of phosphorus and potassium, making dietary restriction of these minerals essential.
Question 4: Which assessment finding indicates a client is experiencing thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency?
- Pellagra
- Scurvy
- Beriberi (Correct answer)
- Rickets
Correct answer: Beriberi
Beriberi is the classic disease caused by thiamine deficiency and presents with cardiovascular and neurological symptoms.
Question 5: A nurse is counseling a lactating client about calcium needs. How many milligrams of calcium per day are recommended for breastfeeding women?
- 500 mg/day
- 800 mg/day
- 1000 mg/day (Correct answer)
- 1500 mg/day
Correct answer: 1000 mg/day
The recommended daily intake of calcium for lactating women is 1000 mg/day to support milk production and maintain maternal bone density.
Question 6: A client is following a low-sodium diet for hypertension. Which food item should the nurse advise the client to limit?
- Fresh apples
- Canned soup (Correct answer)
- Plain oatmeal
- Unsalted nuts
Correct answer: Canned soup
Canned soups are typically high in sodium, often containing 700–1000 mg per serving, making them inappropriate for a sodium-restricted diet.
Question 7: A nurse is teaching a client about omega-3 fatty acids. Which dietary source provides the highest concentration of EPA and DHA?
- Flaxseeds
- Walnuts
- Fatty fish (salmon) (Correct answer)
- Canola oil
Correct answer: Fatty fish (salmon)
Fatty fish like salmon are the richest sources of the long-chain omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA, which are most bioavailable from marine sources.
TIA Nutrition 2
A nurse is assessing a client for signs of vitamin B12 deficiency.
Which finding is most consistent with this deficiency?