TBI TBI Cognitive & Behavioral Outcomes 2

Question 1

What is 'executive dysfunction' in the context of TBI, and which brain region is most associated with it?

Accepted Answer

Impaired planning, problem-solving, cognitive flexibility, and initiation; prefrontal cortex

Answer

Sensory processing deficits; parietal lobe

Answer

Language deficits; temporal lobe

Answer

Visual processing; occipital lobe

Question 2

Which behavioral syndrome after TBI is characterized by reduced initiation, flat affect, reduced spontaneous movement, and apathy despite intact cognition?

Accepted Answer

Akinetic mutism

Answer

Korsakoff syndrome

Answer

Wernicke's aphasia

Answer

Anton syndrome

Question 3

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can co-occur with TBI; which symptom overlap makes dual diagnosis challenging?

Accepted Answer

Sleep disturbance, concentration problems, and irritability appear in both conditions

Answer

Motor deficits

Answer

Seizure activity

Answer

Spasticity

Question 4

Which cognitive rehabilitation strategy is most effective for memory deficits after moderate-to-severe TBI?

Accepted Answer

Compensatory strategy training using external aids (notebooks, calendars, alarms)

Answer

Passive listening exercises

Answer

Pharmacological memory enhancement alone

Answer

Sensory stimulation therapy

Question 5

Sleep disturbance after TBI most commonly manifests as which pattern?

Accepted Answer

Insomnia, fragmented sleep, fatigue, and excessive daytime sleepiness

Answer

Hypersomnia only

Answer

Narcolepsy with cataplexy

Answer

Circadian phase advance disorder exclusively

Question 6

Which approach is used to manage agitation and aggression in TBI rehabilitation settings?

Accepted Answer

Environmental modification, structured routine, behavioral strategies, and judicious pharmacotherapy

Answer

Strict physical restraint as first-line intervention

Answer

Immediate psychiatric transfer

Answer

Long-term isolation