TB Test Diagnostic Approaches 2

Question 1

Which imaging finding on chest X-ray is most characteristic of primary TB infection in children?

Accepted Answer

Hilar lymphadenopathy

Answer

Primary TB in children commonly presents with hilar or mediastinal lymphadenopathy, often more prominent than the parenchymal lesion itself.

Question 2

What is the recommended minimum number of sputum specimens for AFB smear microscopy in suspected pulmonary TB?

Accepted Answer

2 specimens

Answer

CDC and WHO guidelines recommend at least 2 sputum specimens collected at least 8 hours apart, including one early morning sample, to maximize sensitivity.

Question 3

A patient with suspected TB has a negative sputum smear but positive nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT). What is the most appropriate next step?

Accepted Answer

Initiate TB treatment based on NAAT result

Answer

A positive NAAT in a smear-negative patient with clinical suspicion for TB warrants initiating treatment, as NAAT is highly specific for M. tuberculosis.

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the concept of 'two-step TST testing'?

Accepted Answer

Repeating TST 1-3 weeks after an initial negative to detect boosting

Answer

Two-step TST involves performing a second TST 1-3 weeks after a negative initial test to distinguish boosting of waned immunity from true conversion in baseline testing programs.

Question 5

When is CT chest preferred over standard chest X-ray in TB diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

When X-ray is normal but clinical suspicion remains high

Answer

CT chest provides superior sensitivity for detecting subtle parenchymal disease, lymphadenopathy, or early cavitation when standard X-ray appears normal but TB is still clinically suspected.

(TB Test) Tuberculosis Test Certification Practice Test

(TB Test) Tuberculosis Test Certification Practice Test

TB Test Diagnostic Approaches 2