SPEX Preventive Medicine 3

Question 1

A cohort study finds that smokers have a relative risk of 15 for lung cancer compared to non-smokers. The prevalence of smoking is 25%. What is the population attributable risk percent (PAR%)?

Accepted Answer

Approximately 78%

Answer

PAR% = Pe(RR−1)/[Pe(RR−1)+1] × 100 = 0.25×14/(0.25×14+1) × 100 ≈ 78%.

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the hierarchy of controls for occupational hazards, from most to least preferred?

Accepted Answer

Elimination → substitution → engineering → administrative → PPE

Answer

The hierarchy prioritizes elimination, then substitution, engineering controls, administrative controls, and PPE last.

Question 3

A physician screens 1,000 asymptomatic adults for colorectal cancer using FOBT. 50 test positive; of those, 10 have confirmed cancer. Of the 950 who test negative, 5 have cancer. What is the sensitivity of FOBT in this population?

Accepted Answer

67%

Answer

Sensitivity = TP/(TP+FN) = 10/(10+5) = 10/15 ≈ 67%.

Question 4

Which foodborne pathogen is most commonly associated with undercooked poultry and is the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in the United States?

Accepted Answer

Campylobacter jejuni

Answer

Campylobacter jejuni is the most frequent cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in the US, typically linked to undercooked poultry.

Question 5

According to ACIP recommendations, which vaccine should be administered as a one-time dose to all adults ≥65 years who have not previously received it?

Accepted Answer

PCV15 or PCV20

Answer

ACIP recommends PCV15 or PCV20 as a one-time pneumococcal conjugate vaccine for all immunocompetent adults ≥65.

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SPEX Preventive Medicine 3