SPEX Pediatrics 5

Question 1

A 15-year-old female presents with primary amenorrhea, short stature, a webbed neck, and wide-spaced nipples. Karyotype shows 45,X. What is the diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Turner syndrome

Answer

Turner syndrome (45,X) presents with primary amenorrhea, short stature, webbed neck, and gonadal dysgenesis.

Question 2

A 3-year-old presents with a painless abdominal mass that does not cross the midline. CT scan shows a large renal tumor. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Wilms tumor (nephroblastoma)

Answer

Wilms tumor is the most common pediatric renal malignancy, typically presenting as a painless flank mass in children aged 3–4 years.

Question 3

An infant born at 28 weeks develops respiratory distress immediately after birth with grunting, nasal flaring, and intercostal retractions. Chest X-ray shows diffuse ground-glass opacities. What is the primary cause?

Accepted Answer

Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) due to surfactant deficiency

Answer

RDS in premature infants results from insufficient surfactant production, causing alveolar collapse and diffuse ground-glass opacities on chest X-ray.

Question 4

A 4-year-old presents with abdominal pain, palpable purpura on the buttocks and lower extremities, arthritis, and hematuria. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (IgA vasculitis)

Answer

HSP (IgA vasculitis) is the most common childhood vasculitis, characterized by palpable purpura, arthritis, abdominal pain, and renal involvement.

Question 5

A newborn has cyanosis that improves with crying but worsens with feeding. Passing a catheter through the nose is difficult bilaterally. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Choanal atresia

Answer

Bilateral choanal atresia causes nasal airway obstruction; crying forces mouth breathing and relieves cyanosis, while feeding (nasal breathing required) worsens it.

SPEX Exam Practice Test

SPEX Exam Practice Test

SPEX Pediatrics 5