SPEX Pediatrics 2

Question 1

A 6-week-old presents with projectile vomiting after every feeding. The vomitus is non-bilious and the infant appears hungry after vomiting. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Pyloric stenosis

Answer

Pyloric stenosis classically presents at 3–6 weeks with non-bilious projectile vomiting and a palpable 'olive' mass in the right upper quadrant.

Question 2

Which vaccine is recommended at birth for all newborns in the US?

Accepted Answer

Hepatitis B

Answer

The hepatitis B vaccine is given at birth as the first dose to prevent perinatal transmission.

Question 3

A 2-year-old presents with a barking cough, inspiratory stridor, and low-grade fever. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Croup (laryngotracheobronchitis)

Answer

Croup is caused by parainfluenza virus and produces the characteristic 'barking' cough and inspiratory stridor in children 6 months to 3 years.

Question 4

At what age should a healthy infant be able to sit without support?

Accepted Answer

6 months

Answer

Most infants achieve sitting without support by 6 months of age as a gross motor milestone.

Question 5

A child presents with a pruritic, honey-crusted lesion around the mouth. What is the first-line treatment?

Accepted Answer

Topical mupirocin

Answer

Localized impetigo is best treated with topical mupirocin, which targets S. aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes.

SPEX Exam Practice Test

SPEX Exam Practice Test

SPEX Pediatrics 2