Human Development & Behavior Flashcards

According to Erikson's psychosocial stages, what is the primary conflict faced during adolescence?

Answer: Identity vs. Role Confusion

Erikson identified identity vs. role confusion as the core developmental task of adolescence, during which teens explore who they are.

Bowlby's attachment theory emphasizes that a child's early bond with a caregiver is essential for which developmental outcome?

Answer: Emotional security

Bowlby argued that secure attachment to a primary caregiver provides the emotional foundation necessary for healthy development.

Which theorist proposed the concept of the 'zone of proximal development'?

Answer: Vygotsky

Lev Vygotsky introduced the zone of proximal development to describe tasks a learner can accomplish with guidance but not yet independently.

In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which level must be satisfied before self-esteem needs can be addressed?

Answer: Belongingness and love needs

Maslow's hierarchy places belongingness and love needs (social needs) directly below esteem needs in the motivational pyramid.

Which of the following best describes the concept of 'resilience' in social work practice?

Answer: The capacity to recover and adapt positively despite adversity

Resilience refers to an individual's ability to adapt successfully in the face of adversity, trauma, or significant stress.

The ecological systems theory, developed by Bronfenbrenner, identifies the immediate environment such as family and school as which system?

Answer: Microsystem

Bronfenbrenner's microsystem includes the settings that directly involve the individual, such as family, school, and peer groups.