SNLE Nutrition and Diet Therapy 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which macronutrient provides 4 kilocalories per gram?
- Fat
- Carbohydrate (Correct answer)
- Alcohol
- Water
Correct answer: Carbohydrate
Carbohydrates provide 4 kcal/g; fats provide 9 kcal/g and alcohol provides 7 kcal/g.
Question 2: A patient with iron-deficiency anemia should consume iron-rich foods alongside which substance to maximize absorption?
- Calcium
- Tannins
- Vitamin C (Correct answer)
- Phytates
Correct answer: Vitamin C
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) enhances non-heme iron absorption by converting iron to its more absorbable ferrous form.
Question 3: Which vitamin is primarily synthesized in the skin upon exposure to ultraviolet sunlight?
- Vitamin A
- Vitamin B12
- Vitamin D (Correct answer)
- Vitamin K
Correct answer: Vitamin D
Vitamin D is synthesized in the skin when 7-dehydrocholesterol is converted upon UV-B exposure; deficiency is common in covered populations.
Question 4: A nurse is caring for a patient with chronic renal failure. Which dietary modification is most critical?
- Increase dietary protein
- Restrict potassium and phosphorus (Correct answer)
- Increase sodium intake
- Encourage high fluid intake
Correct answer: Restrict potassium and phosphorus
Renal failure impairs excretion of potassium and phosphorus, requiring dietary restriction to prevent life-threatening hyperkalemia and hyperphosphatemia.
Question 5: Which nutritional deficiency disease is caused by inadequate intake of thiamine (Vitamin B1)?
- Pellagra
- Beriberi (Correct answer)
- Scurvy
- Rickets
Correct answer: Beriberi
Beriberi results from thiamine deficiency; pellagra is caused by niacin deficiency, scurvy by Vitamin C deficiency, and rickets by Vitamin D deficiency.
Question 6: A diabetic patient in Saudi Arabia planning to observe Ramadan fasting should be counseled to:
- Discontinue all diabetes medications during the fasting period
- Monitor blood glucose regularly and adjust medications under physician guidance (Correct answer)
- Significantly increase carbohydrate intake at Suhoor to sustain energy
- Avoid all physical activity throughout the month
Correct answer: Monitor blood glucose regularly and adjust medications under physician guidance
Diabetic patients observing Ramadan require individualized medical supervision, regular glucose monitoring, and medication adjustments to prevent hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia.
Question 7: According to WHO classification, which body mass index (BMI) value indicates obesity?
- BMI 18.5–24.9
- BMI 25–29.9
- BMI 30 and above (Correct answer)
- BMI 17.5 and below
Correct answer: BMI 30 and above
A BMI of 30 or above is classified as obesity by the World Health Organization; BMI 25–29.9 is overweight.
SNLE Nutrition and Diet Therapy 1
Which macronutrient provides 4 kilocalories per gram?