Nutrition and Diet Therapy Flashcards

Which macronutrient provides 4 kilocalories per gram?

Answer: Carbohydrate

Carbohydrates provide 4 kcal/g; fats provide 9 kcal/g and alcohol provides 7 kcal/g.

A patient with iron-deficiency anemia should consume iron-rich foods alongside which substance to maximize absorption?

Answer: Vitamin C

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) enhances non-heme iron absorption by converting iron to its more absorbable ferrous form.

Which vitamin is primarily synthesized in the skin upon exposure to ultraviolet sunlight?

Answer: Vitamin D

Vitamin D is synthesized in the skin when 7-dehydrocholesterol is converted upon UV-B exposure; deficiency is common in covered populations.

A nurse is caring for a patient with chronic renal failure. Which dietary modification is most critical?

Answer: Restrict potassium and phosphorus

Renal failure impairs excretion of potassium and phosphorus, requiring dietary restriction to prevent life-threatening hyperkalemia and hyperphosphatemia.

Which nutritional deficiency disease is caused by inadequate intake of thiamine (Vitamin B1)?

Answer: Beriberi

Beriberi results from thiamine deficiency; pellagra is caused by niacin deficiency, scurvy by Vitamin C deficiency, and rickets by Vitamin D deficiency.

A diabetic patient in Saudi Arabia planning to observe Ramadan fasting should be counseled to:

Answer: Monitor blood glucose regularly and adjust medications under physician guidance

Diabetic patients observing Ramadan require individualized medical supervision, regular glucose monitoring, and medication adjustments to prevent hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia.

According to WHO classification, which body mass index (BMI) value indicates obesity?

Answer: BMI 30 and above

A BMI of 30 or above is classified as obesity by the World Health Organization; BMI 25–29.9 is overweight.