Maternal and Child Health Flashcards

What does the term 'gravida 3, para 2' mean?

Answer: Three pregnancies, two deliveries after 20 weeks

Gravida refers to the total number of pregnancies regardless of outcome. Para refers to the number of deliveries after 20 weeks gestation (viable). Gravida 3, para 2 means the patient has been pregnant three times and delivered twice.

A nurse is teaching a new mother about breastfeeding. How often should a newborn feed?

Answer: Every 2–3 hours, 8–12 times per day

Newborns have small stomachs and high nutritional needs. Feeding every 2–3 hours (8–12 times in 24 hours) establishes milk supply through frequent stimulation, prevents hypoglycemia, and supports adequate newborn weight gain.

Which reflex is normal in a healthy newborn?

Answer: Moro (startle) reflex

The Moro reflex (startle response to sudden movement — arms abduct then adduct) is a normal primitive reflex present at birth. Absence suggests neurological impairment. It disappears by 3–6 months as the nervous system matures.

What is the purpose of administering vitamin K to a newborn at birth?

Answer: To prevent hemorrhagic disease of the newborn due to vitamin K deficiency

Newborns have low vitamin K levels because it does not cross the placenta well and gut bacteria (which produce vitamin K) are not yet established. Without supplementation, they are at risk for vitamin K deficiency bleeding (hemorrhagic disease of the newborn).

A 4-year-old is admitted with suspected epiglottitis. Which action is contraindicated?

Answer: Examining the throat with a tongue depressor

Examining the throat with a tongue depressor in suspected epiglottitis can precipitate complete airway obstruction from laryngospasm. The child should never be forced into a supine position. Emergency airway equipment must be at the bedside.

What is a key sign of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in an infant?

Answer: Asymmetric gluteal folds and positive Ortolani test

DDH signs include asymmetric gluteal and thigh skin folds, limited hip abduction, and positive Ortolani (click or clunk felt when reducing a dislocated hip) and Barlow (dislocation provoked) tests. Early detection allows brace treatment; delayed diagnosis requires surgery.