Dietary and Nutrition Services Flashcards

A surveyor is reviewing a resident's chart and notes a physician's order for a therapeutic, low-sodium diet. During the lunch observation, the surveyor sees the resident being served a regular, unrestricted meal. This situation most directly points to a potential failure in which regulatory area?

Answer: Ensuring menus are prepared in accordance with physician's orders.

According to 42 CFR §483.60(e), therapeutic diets must be prescribed by the attending physician and the facility is responsible for providing food and drink prepared in a form designed to meet individual needs. Serving a regular meal when a specific therapeutic diet has been ordered by the physician is a failure to follow that order.

A surveyor notes that a facility serves its evening meal at 5:00 p.m. and breakfast the next day at 8:00 a.m. The facility does not offer a routine bedtime snack. According to federal regulations regarding the frequency of meals, how should this practice be cited?

Answer: Deficient, because the time between the evening meal and breakfast exceeds 14 hours.

Federal regulation 42 CFR §483.60(f)(2) states there must be no more than 14 hours between a substantial evening meal and breakfast the following day. The time between 5:00 p.m. and 8:00 a.m. is 15 hours. The exception of up to 16 hours is only permitted if a nourishing snack is provided at bedtime. Since no snack is offered, the facility is non-compliant.

During a kitchen inspection, a surveyor observes several large, unmarked containers of leftover food in the walk-in refrigerator. The kitchen manager states they were from a meal served two days ago. Which of the following food safety requirements is most likely NOT being met?

Answer: Storing, preparing, distributing, and serving food in accordance with professional standards for food service safety.

42 CFR §483.60(i)(2) requires facilities to store, prepare, distribute, and serve food in accordance with professional standards for food service safety. Proper dating and labeling of leftover food to ensure it is used or discarded within a safe timeframe is a fundamental component of these professional standards. Unmarked, undated containers represent a failure to adhere to these standards.

A facility's menus are planned a month in advance and offer a variety of choices. However, upon review, the surveyor cannot find any documentation that the menus have been reviewed or approved by a qualified professional. To be compliant, the menus must be reviewed for nutritional adequacy by which of the following?

Answer: The facility's qualified dietitian or other clinically qualified nutrition professional.

According to 42 CFR §483.60, menus must be reviewed by the facility's dietitian or other clinically qualified nutrition professional for nutritional adequacy. While other staff members are crucial to the facility's operation, the specific responsibility for ensuring the nutritional adequacy of menus is assigned to a qualified nutrition professional.

A resident who practices Islam informs the dietary manager that they cannot eat the pork-based main entree served at dinner. The facility's policy is to offer a peanut butter sandwich as the only alternative meal. This practice may be deficient because the facility is failing to:

Answer: Offer appealing options of similar nutritive value.

Federal regulations at 42 CFR §483.60(d)(5) require that the facility provide appealing options of similar nutritive value to residents who choose not to eat the food that is initially served. While a peanut butter sandwich provides some nutrition, it may not be of similar nutritive value to the main entree and may not be considered an appealing or sufficient alternative, especially if it is the only option offered consistently. The regulations also emphasize accommodating cultural and religious needs.

A resident has experienced a significant, unplanned weight loss of 7% in one month. A surveyor would expect the facility's response to this nutritional problem to include, at a minimum:

Answer: An assessment and development of a care plan by a qualified dietitian or nutrition professional.

Significant unplanned weight loss is a key indicator of a nutritional problem. Federal regulations require that a facility's staff includes a qualified dietitian or other clinically qualified nutrition professional to address the nutritional needs of residents. A surveyor would expect to see a comprehensive assessment by this professional to determine the cause of the weight loss and the development of an individualized, person-centered care plan to address it.