A-LEVEL Study Guide 2026
Everything you need to pass the A-LEVEL exam in one place: the exam format, every topic to study, real practice questions with explanations, flashcards, and full-length practice tests. Free, no sign-up needed.
📋 A-LEVEL Exam Format at a Glance
📚 A-LEVEL Topics to Study (43)
✍️ Sample A-LEVEL Questions & Answers
1. In a transformer, the primary coil has 200 turns and the secondary has 50 turns. If the input is 240V, what is the output?
Vs/Vp = Ns/Np → Vs = 240 × (50/200) = 240 × 0.25 = 60V. This is a step-down transformer.
2. What is the 'tragedy of the commons'?
Garrett Hardin's 'tragedy of the commons' describes how individuals rationally exploit shared resources (fisheries, atmosphere) for personal gain, eventually depleting them for everyone — justifying collective governance of common goods.
3. What is the immune response involving B lymphocytes?
B lymphocytes, when activated by antigens, differentiate into plasma cells that produce large quantities of specific antibodies. These antibodies neutralise pathogens, opsonise them for phagocytosis, or activate complement.
4. What happens to the resistance of a metallic conductor as its temperature increases?
In metals, higher temperature causes greater lattice vibrations, which increase collisions with conduction electrons, thus increasing resistance. This is why metals have a positive temperature coefficient of resistance.
5. What type of reaction is the conversion of glucose to ethanol by yeast?
Yeast converts glucose to ethanol and CO₂ under anaerobic conditions by fermentation: C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH + 2CO₂.
6. What is the Lorenz curve used to measure?
The Lorenz curve plots the cumulative share of income earned against the cumulative share of population. The further the curve from the 45° line, the greater the income inequality.