H2 Chemistry Flashcards

What product is formed when ethene reacts with bromine water?

Answer: 1,2-dibromoethane

Electrophilic addition: CH₂=CH₂ + Br₂ → CH₂Br-CH₂Br (1,2-dibromoethane). Bromine adds across the double bond.

What is the IUPAC name of CH₃CH(OH)CH₂CH₃?

Answer: Butan-2-ol

The OH group is on carbon 2 of a 4-carbon chain (butane), so the compound is butan-2-ol.

What type of reaction is the conversion of glucose to ethanol by yeast?

Answer: Fermentation (anaerobic)

Yeast converts glucose to ethanol and CO₂ under anaerobic conditions by fermentation: C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH + 2CO₂.

What does the term 'nucleophile' mean?

Answer: An electron pair donor that attacks electron-deficient centres

A nucleophile is an electron pair donor ('nucleus-loving') that attacks electron-deficient (δ+) carbon centres in reactions like nucleophilic substitution.

What is the Brønsted-Lowry definition of an acid?

Answer: A proton donor

By the Brønsted-Lowry definition, an acid is a proton (H⁺) donor. This is broader than the Arrhenius definition and applies in non-aqueous systems.

Calculate the molar mass of CuSO₄·5H₂O. (Cu=64, S=32, O=16, H=1)

Answer: 249.5 g/mol

Mr = 64 + 32 + (4×16) + 5×(2×1+16) = 64+32+64+90 = 249.5+0.5 = 249.5 g/mol. Actually: 64+32+64+5×18 = 160+90 = 250. So 250 g/mol.

What is the difference between a strong acid and a concentrated acid?

Answer: Strong acid fully dissociates in water; concentrated acid has a high amount of acid per volume of solution

'Strong' refers to the degree of dissociation (strong acid fully dissociates: HCl → H⁺ + Cl⁻). 'Concentrated' refers to the amount (moles) of acid per unit volume.