Therapeutic Interventions and Diagnosis Flashcards

Which stage, according to Peplau, involves a delay in self-gratification to please others and typically occurs during toddlerhood?

Answer: Delaying Satisfaction

Explanation: According to Peplau, the "Delaying Satisfaction" stage involves some delay in self-gratification to please others and typically occurs during toddlerhood. This stage is part of Peplau's developmental theory, focusing on the social and emotional growth of individuals from infancy to adulthood.

According to Peplau, which of the following best describes mild anxiety?

Answer: A positive state of heightened awareness and sharpened senses, allows the person to learn new behaviors and solve problems

Explanation: In Peplau's theory, mild anxiety is described as a positive state of heightened awareness and sharpened senses. This level of anxiety allows the individual to learn new behaviors and solve problems effectively. It is characterized by increased concentration and alertness, which can enhance the person's perceptual field.

How is severe anxiety typically characterized?

Answer: Involves feelings of dread and terror, with physiological symptoms such as tachycardia, diaphoresis, and chest pain

Explanation: Severe anxiety is characterized by feelings of dread and terror, often accompanied by physiological symptoms such as tachycardia (rapid heartbeat), diaphoresis (excessive sweating), and chest pain. Individuals experiencing severe anxiety typically cannot be redirected to tasks and may have difficulty focusing on anything other than scattered details.

What are common characteristics of a panic attack according to Peplau's theory?

Answer: Involves loss of rational thought, delusions, hallucinations, and possible physical immobility and muteness, with potential for aimless running and risk of injury

Explanation: According to Peplau's theory, a panic attack can involve loss of rational thought, delusions, hallucinations, and possible physical immobility and muteness. Individuals experiencing a panic attack may also exhibit aimless running behavior, which can increase the risk of injury. Prolonged panic attacks can be emotionally exhausting and may even be life-threatening.

Which of the following functions is primarily associated with the frontal lobe of the brain?

Answer: Higher-order thinking, abstract reasoning, decision-making, speech, vocabulary, and voluntary muscle movement

Explanation: The frontal lobe of the brain is primarily responsible for higher-order cognitive functions such as abstract reasoning, decision-making, speech production, vocabulary, and voluntary muscle movement. Dysfunction in the frontal lobe can lead to symptoms such as illogical or psychotic thinking, impaired decision-making, and difficulty with speech and movement.

What is the primary function of the parietal lobe of the brain?

Answer: Sensory function and body position information

Explanation: The parietal lobe of the brain primarily handles sensory function and processes body position information. Dysfunction in this lobe can lead to impaired spatial ability and body image perception, affecting tasks such as self-care.

What is the primary function of the occipital lobe of the brain?

Answer: Processing visual information

Explanation: The occipital lobe of the brain is primarily responsible for processing visual information. Dysfunction in this lobe can lead to visual hallucinations and visual illusions, affecting a person's perception of reality and visual experiences.

Which of the following statements regarding hormonal influences on mental illness is accurate?

Answer: Increased cortisol levels are often observed in individuals with depression

Explanation: Increased cortisol levels, often indicating hyperactivity of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis, are commonly observed in individuals with depression. This hormonal imbalance is believed to contribute to the pathophysiology of depression.

Which defense mechanism involves covering up a real or perceived weakness or deficit by emphasizing a trait considered more desirable or emphasizing a strength?

Answer: Compensation

Explanation: Compensation is a defense mechanism where individuals cover up a real or perceived weakness or deficit by emphasizing a trait they consider more desirable or by focusing on their strengths. This allows them to cope with feelings of inadequacy or insecurity by overemphasizing other aspects of themselves.

Which defense mechanism involves the involuntary blocking of unpleasant feelings and experiences from one's awareness?

Answer: Repression

Explanation: Repression is a defense mechanism characterized by the involuntary blocking of unpleasant feelings and experiences from one's awareness. This mechanism allows individuals to avoid consciously experiencing distressing emotions or memories. An example of repression is when an accident victim cannot remember anything about the accident due to the mind's suppression of the traumatic event.

Which defense mechanism involves separating a thought or memory from the feeling tone or emotion associated with it?

Answer: Isolation

Explanation: Isolation is a defense mechanism where individuals separate a thought or memory from the feeling tone or emotion associated with it. This allows them to describe or recall distressing events without experiencing the associated emotions. For example, a person may discuss a traumatic experience, such as an attack or rape, without showing any emotional response due to the isolation of the associated feelings.