RLA Analyzing Argument Structure 5

Question 1

An argument contains the following structure: Premise 1: All mammals are warm-blooded. Premise 2: Whales are mammals. Conclusion: Whales are warm-blooded. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Deductive reasoning

Answer

Deductive reasoning moves from general premises to a specific conclusion; if the premises are true, the conclusion must logically follow.

Question 2

A researcher observes that cities with more coffee shops also have higher rates of college enrollment and concludes that coffee shops cause people to pursue education. What error in reasoning is this?

Accepted Answer

Confusing correlation with causation

Answer

Just because two variables occur together does not mean one causes the other; both might be caused by a third factor, such as urbanization or higher income levels.

Question 3

Which of the following sentences uses hedging language that appropriately qualifies a claim?

Accepted Answer

'Research suggests this approach may improve outcomes for most patients.'

Answer

Hedging words like 'suggests,' 'may,' and 'most' accurately reflect the limits of the evidence without overstating certainty, making the claim more defensible.

Question 4

When a writer uses the phrase 'it stands to reason' before making a claim, this signal phrase:

Accepted Answer

Implies a logical connection but does not substitute for actual evidence

Answer

'It stands to reason' is an empty rhetorical phrase that asserts logical connection without actually providing evidence or demonstrating the reasoning.

Question 5

A debate coach tells students: 'Address the strongest version of your opponent's argument, not the weakest.' This advice is meant to help students avoid which fallacy?

Accepted Answer

Straw man fallacy

Answer

The straw man fallacy involves misrepresenting or oversimplifying an opponent's argument to make it easier to attack; addressing the strongest version prevents this.

RLA - Reasoning through Language Arts Practice Test

RLA - Reasoning through Language Arts Practice Test

RLA Analyzing Argument Structure 5