PTCB Pharmacology #3 3

Question 1

Which CYP enzyme is responsible for metabolizing the largest proportion of drugs?

Accepted Answer

CYP3A4

Answer

CYP1A2

Answer

CYP2D6

Answer

CYP2C9

Question 2

A CYP enzyme "inducer" would be expected to:

Accepted Answer

Decrease plasma levels of co-administered drugs metabolized by that enzyme

Answer

Increase plasma levels of co-administered drugs metabolized by that enzyme

Answer

Block the enzyme completely

Answer

Have no clinical significance

Question 3

Which of the following is a major contraindication for the use of metformin?

Accepted Answer

eGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73m² (severe renal impairment)

Answer

Mild hypertension

Answer

Age over 65 years

Answer

Type 1 diabetes

Question 4

Grapefruit juice interacts with many drugs because it:

Accepted Answer

Inhibits intestinal CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein

Answer

Decreases gastric pH

Answer

Induces CYP3A4 in the liver

Answer

Increases renal drug elimination

Question 5

Which drug class do "-gliptin" suffix drugs belong to?

Accepted Answer

DPP-4 inhibitors

Answer

Biguanides

Answer

SGLT-2 inhibitors

Answer

Sulfonylureas

Question 6

What is the mechanism by which SGLT-2 inhibitors (e.g., empagliflozin) lower blood glucose?

Accepted Answer

Block sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 in the kidney to promote glucose excretion in urine

Answer

Stimulate insulin secretion from beta cells

Answer

Inhibit glucagon secretion

Answer

Reduce hepatic glucose production