PTCB Pharmacology #3 2

Question 1

What is the first-pass effect?

Accepted Answer

Extensive drug metabolism by the liver before systemic circulation after oral administration

Answer

Drug degradation by stomach acid before absorption

Answer

Filtration of drugs by the kidney upon first exposure

Answer

Binding of drugs to plasma proteins upon first distribution

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of a drug with significant first-pass metabolism that may require higher oral doses than parenteral doses?

Accepted Answer

Morphine

Answer

Amoxicillin

Answer

Vancomycin

Answer

Heparin

Question 3

Which drug class ends in the "-mab" suffix?

Accepted Answer

Monoclonal antibodies

Answer

Small molecule kinase inhibitors

Answer

Fusion proteins

Answer

Recombinant proteins

Question 4

Aminoglycoside antibiotics (e.g., gentamicin) primarily cause which serious adverse effects?

Accepted Answer

Nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity

Answer

Hepatotoxicity and photosensitivity

Answer

Cardiotoxicity and pulmonary toxicity

Answer

Myelosuppression and neurotoxicity

Question 5

What distinguishes Type 1 diabetes from Type 2 diabetes pharmacologically?

Accepted Answer

Type 1 requires insulin; Type 2 can often be managed initially with oral agents

Answer

Type 1 can be controlled with oral agents alone

Answer

Type 2 always requires insulin from diagnosis

Answer

Both types respond equally to metformin

Question 6

Which of the following describes "bioavailability"?

Accepted Answer

The fraction of administered drug that reaches systemic circulation unchanged

Answer

The rate at which a drug is eliminated from the body

Answer

The volume in which a drug distributes

Answer

The percentage of drug bound to plasma proteins