PSI Clinical Pharmacy & OTC 3

Question 1

Which clinical indicator suggests a urinary tract infection (UTI) in a woman can be managed with OTC advice and does NOT need immediate GP referral?

Accepted Answer

Uncomplicated lower UTI symptoms (dysuria, frequency, urgency) in a healthy non-pregnant woman aged 16–65

Answer

Uncomplicated lower UTI in a healthy, non-pregnant woman is the only scenario where OTC management (cranberry, increased fluids) or pharmacy-only trimethoprim supply under a PGD may be appropriate in Ireland.

Question 2

Which mineral supplement is recommended in pregnancy to prevent neural tube defects?

Accepted Answer

Folic acid 400 mcg daily (started before conception and continued to 12 weeks)

Answer

Folic acid supplementation starting pre-conception and continuing until 12 weeks gestation reduces neural tube defect (spina bifida, anencephaly) risk by up to 70%. High-risk women need 5 mg daily.

Question 3

Which sign indicates that a pharmacist should refer a patient with chest pain to emergency services immediately?

Accepted Answer

Central crushing chest pain radiating to the jaw or left arm, with sweating and breathlessness

Answer

Central crushing chest pain with radiation to jaw/arm, diaphoresis and dyspnoea are classic symptoms of acute myocardial infarction. This is a 999/112 emergency — no OTC treatment, call ambulance.

Question 4

Oral rehydration salts (ORS) are recommended as first-line management for which condition?

Accepted Answer

Mild-to-moderate dehydration due to gastroenteritis

Answer

ORS (glucose-electrolyte solutions) use glucose-facilitated sodium absorption to correct fluid and electrolyte losses in mild-moderate gastroenteritis dehydration. They are the WHO-recommended first-line approach.

Question 5

Which OTC product is recommended for the management of mild allergic contact dermatitis on the skin?

Accepted Answer

Hydrocortisone 1% cream applied sparingly for up to 7 days

Answer

Hydrocortisone 1% is the only topical corticosteroid available OTC in Ireland. It is appropriate for mild, localised inflammation (dermatitis, insect bites) for up to 7 days. Stronger steroids require prescription.

PSI Pharmacy Practice Test

PSI Pharmacy Practice Test

PSI Clinical Pharmacy & OTC 3