PSI Clinical Therapeutics

Question 1

What is the mechanism of action of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) such as omeprazole?

Accepted Answer

They irreversibly inhibit the hydrogen-potassium ATPase enzyme (proton pump) in gastric parietal cells, reducing gastric acid secretion

Answer

They neutralise existing stomach acid

Answer

They coat the stomach lining to protect it

Answer

They speed up gastric emptying

Question 2

A patient is prescribed warfarin. Which of the following interactions should the pharmacist be most concerned about?

Accepted Answer

Concurrent use of NSAIDs such as ibuprofen, which increases the risk of bleeding

Answer

Taking the warfarin with food

Answer

Drinking water with the medication

Answer

Taking warfarin in the morning versus evening

Question 3

What is the first-line treatment for mild-to-moderate community-acquired pneumonia in adults in Ireland?

Accepted Answer

Amoxicillin

Answer

Ciprofloxacin

Answer

Metronidazole

Answer

Flucloxacillin

Question 4

What counselling points should a pharmacist provide to a patient starting a statin (e.g., atorvastatin)?

Accepted Answer

Take at the recommended time, report unexplained muscle pain, have liver function monitored, avoid grapefruit juice in large quantities, and understand it is for long-term use

Answer

No counselling is needed for statins

Answer

Tell them to stop taking it if they feel fine after a month

Answer

Only tell them to take it with food

Question 5

What is the difference between a generic medicine and a branded medicine?

Accepted Answer

A generic contains the same active ingredient, dose, and dosage form as the brand but is marketed under the non-proprietary (generic) name, usually at a lower cost

Answer

Generic medicines are less effective than branded medicines

Answer

Generic medicines contain different active ingredients

Answer

There is no difference — the terms are interchangeable

Question 6

What is antimicrobial stewardship and why is it important for pharmacists?

Accepted Answer

A systematic approach to optimising antibiotic use by ensuring the right drug, dose, and duration to improve outcomes and reduce antimicrobial resistance

Answer

Keeping antibiotics in stock at all times

Answer

Selling as many antibiotics as possible

Answer

Only prescribing the newest antibiotics available