PSI Clinical Pharmacy & OTC 2

Question 1

Which medication used for OTC heartburn works by neutralising gastric acid?

Accepted Answer

Aluminium/magnesium hydroxide antacids

Answer

Antacids (aluminium and magnesium salts, calcium carbonate) act quickly to neutralise existing stomach acid, providing rapid but short-lived relief. They do not reduce acid production.

Question 2

Emergency hormonal contraception (morning-after pill) available OTC in Ireland works primarily by:

Accepted Answer

Delaying or preventing ovulation

Answer

Levonorgestrel (e.g., Levonelle, NorLevo) primarily prevents or delays ovulation when taken before the LH surge. It is most effective within 72 hours. It does not terminate an established pregnancy.

Question 3

Which OTC product is recommended for treating head lice in children?

Accepted Answer

Dimeticone 4% lotion (physical insecticide) applied for 8 hours

Answer

Dimeticone is a physical agent that coats and suffocates lice — resistance does not develop. It is preferred first-line in Ireland and the UK. Two applications 7 days apart are needed to kill newly hatched lice.

Question 4

A patient requests an OTC decongestant (xylometazoline nasal spray). What is the maximum recommended duration of use?

Accepted Answer

5–7 days

Answer

Nasal decongestant sprays (alpha-agonists: xylometazoline, oxymetazoline) should not be used for more than 5–7 days to avoid rhinitis medicamentosa (rebound congestion from nasal blood vessel supersensitisation).

Question 5

Which OTC laxative class acts by softening stools and lubricating the bowel — suitable for patients who should not strain?

Accepted Answer

Osmotic laxatives (lactulose/macrogol)

Answer

Osmotic laxatives draw water into the bowel, softening stool. They are suitable post-surgery, post-MI or post-haemorrhoidectomy when straining must be avoided. Stimulants cause cramping.

PSI Pharmacy Practice Test

PSI Pharmacy Practice Test

PSI Clinical Pharmacy & OTC 2