Pharmacology Therapeutic Applications and Clinical Use 4

Question 1

A patient taking lithium for bipolar disorder develops polyuria and polydipsia. These symptoms suggest:

Accepted Answer

Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

Answer

Chronic lithium use impairs renal tubular response to ADH, causing nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

Question 2

Which antihypertensive drug class is absolutely contraindicated in bilateral renal artery stenosis?

Accepted Answer

ACE inhibitors

Answer

ACE inhibitors dilate the efferent arteriole, critically reducing GFR in patients dependent on angiotensin II for glomerular filtration.

Question 3

Which drug used for Parkinson's disease works by inhibiting MAO-B and thereby preserving dopamine in the striatum?

Accepted Answer

Selegiline

Answer

Selegiline selectively inhibits MAO-B, slowing dopamine breakdown and extending its effect in the basal ganglia.

Question 4

A post-myocardial infarction patient is prescribed a beta-blocker. The primary goal in this setting is to:

Accepted Answer

Reduce cardiac remodeling and mortality

Answer

Beta-blockers reduce sympathetic activation post-MI, decreasing ventricular remodeling and all-cause mortality.

Question 5

Vancomycin is the drug of choice for MRSA infections. Its mechanism is:

Accepted Answer

Binding to D-Ala-D-Ala peptidoglycan precursors blocking cell wall synthesis

Answer

Vancomycin binds to D-Ala-D-Ala termini of peptidoglycan precursors, preventing cross-linking and weakening the bacterial cell wall.

Pharmacology Practice Test