Pharmacology Therapeutic Applications and Clinical Use 2

Question 1

A patient with chronic heart failure is prescribed digoxin. Which serum electrolyte must be closely monitored to prevent digoxin toxicity?

Accepted Answer

Potassium

Answer

Hypokalemia potentiates digoxin toxicity by increasing drug binding to Na+/K+-ATPase.

Question 2

Metformin is contraindicated in a patient with an eGFR below 30 mL/min/1.73m² primarily because of the risk of:

Accepted Answer

Lactic acidosis

Answer

Reduced renal clearance causes metformin accumulation, leading to lactic acidosis risk.

Question 3

Which of the following is the first-line pharmacological treatment for uncomplicated hypertension in a Black, non-diabetic patient according to JNC guidelines?

Accepted Answer

Thiazide diuretic or calcium channel blocker

Answer

Thiazide diuretics and CCBs are preferred first-line agents in Black patients due to greater efficacy.

Question 4

A patient taking warfarin starts a course of fluconazole. What clinical adjustment is most likely needed?

Accepted Answer

Decrease warfarin dose

Answer

Fluconazole inhibits CYP2C9, reducing warfarin metabolism and increasing anticoagulant effect.

Question 5

Sublingual nitroglycerin is used in acute angina attacks primarily because this route:

Accepted Answer

Avoids first-pass metabolism

Answer

The sublingual route delivers nitroglycerin directly into systemic circulation, bypassing hepatic first-pass metabolism.

Pharmacology Practice Test

Pharmacology Practice Test

Pharmacology Therapeutic Applications and Clinical Use 2