Pharmacology Endocrine System Pharmacology 2

Question 1

Clomiphene citrate stimulates ovulation primarily by:

Accepted Answer

Blocking hypothalamic estrogen receptors to increase GnRH release

Answer

Clomiphene blocks estrogen receptors in the hypothalamus, preventing negative feedback and increasing GnRH pulsatility, which raises FSH and LH to stimulate ovulation.

Question 2

Ketoconazole can be used to treat Cushing's syndrome because it:

Accepted Answer

Inhibits cortisol synthesis by blocking steroidogenic enzymes

Answer

Ketoconazole inhibits CYP11A1 and CYP11B1, blocking key enzymatic steps in cortisol biosynthesis within the adrenal cortex.

Question 3

Desmopressin (DDAVP) is primarily indicated for treating:

Accepted Answer

Central diabetes insipidus

Answer

Desmopressin is a synthetic ADH (vasopressin) analog used to replace deficient ADH in central diabetes insipidus, reducing excessive water loss.

Question 4

Octreotide is used to manage acromegaly because it:

Accepted Answer

Is a somatostatin analog that suppresses GH secretion

Answer

Octreotide mimics somatostatin, binding somatostatin receptors on somatotrophs to inhibit GH secretion and consequently reduce IGF-1 levels.

Question 5

Bisphosphonates (e.g., alendronate) treat osteoporosis primarily by:

Accepted Answer

Inhibiting osteoclast-mediated bone resorption

Answer

Bisphosphonates bind hydroxyapatite and are taken up by osteoclasts, impairing their function and inducing apoptosis to reduce bone resorption.

Pharmacology Practice Test

Pharmacology Practice Test

Pharmacology Endocrine System Pharmacology 2